Telegram RegisterThe public register of Telegram
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Channel

Finance | Trading Tips | Stock Marketing | Business News

@Finance_Stock_Trading

On this record: Topic · Growth · Engagement · Reactions · Posts · Citations · Telegram's recommendations · Cite this entry

23,199subscribers

+100 since we began measuring on 7 August 2026

Risers and fallers across the register · movement among entries of 10,000–31,623.

Register entry

Telegram ID-1001870142231
TypeChannel
Username@Finance_Stock_Trading
CreatedBetween 1 October 2022 and 30 September 2023 — estimated from Telegram’s id allocation, not measured. How this range is calculated.
First recorded7 August 2026
Last confirmed live17 September 2026
Measurements held33
Confirmed unchanged1 time, most recently 17 September 2026
On Telegramt.me/Finance_Stock_Trading

Topic

Crypto & trading — a classification, not a measurement. An on-box language model (Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-FP8, prompt version 1) read this channel’s own recent posts on 10 September 2026 and assigned it the closest of 31 fixed categories, at 28% confidence. This is a model’s judgement about what the channel is likely to be about, not a fact this register measured the way a subscriber count or a view count is measured — it can be revised on a later pass, and it carries no weight anywhere else on this page. How this classification works, and why it has no browse page of its own yet.

Growth

23,09723,19923,1487 August 2026 — 23,099 subscribers7 August 2026 — 23,102 subscribers8 August 2026 — 23,097 subscribers9 August 2026 — 23,103 subscribers10 August 2026 — 23,107 subscribers11 August 2026 — 23,126 subscribers12 August 2026 — 23,132 subscribers13 August 2026 — 23,137 subscribers14 August 2026 — 23,141 subscribers16 August 2026 — 23,129 subscribers17 August 2026 — 23,152 subscribers18 August 2026 — 23,150 subscribers19 August 2026 — 23,163 subscribers20 August 2026 — 23,164 subscribers21 August 2026 — 23,163 subscribers22 August 2026 — 23,161 subscribers24 August 2026 — 23,163 subscribers25 August 2026 — 23,159 subscribers26 August 2026 — 23,167 subscribers27 August 2026 — 23,163 subscribers28 August 2026 — 23,153 subscribers29 August 2026 — 23,159 subscribers30 August 2026 — 23,176 subscribers31 August 2026 — 23,183 subscribers1 September 2026 — 23,189 subscribers2 September 2026 — 23,195 subscribers4 September 2026 — 23,197 subscribers6 September 2026 — 23,185 subscribers9 September 2026 — 23,184 subscribers12 September 2026 — 23,191 subscribers13 September 2026 — 23,189 subscribers15 September 2026 — 23,194 subscribers17 September 2026 — 23,199 subscribers7 August 202617 September 2026
33 measurements spanning 41 days, net +100. Dots are measurements; the straight line between them is drawn to join them, not to claim we know the path taken in between — snapshots are recorded only when a count changes, so gaps mean “no change observed”, never “interpolated”. The vertical axis spans 23,082–23,214 and does not start at zero.
Measurement log — every subscribers count we have recorded, most recent 20 of 33
Measured (UTC)SubscribersChange
17 Sept 2026, 10:2123,199+5
15 Sept 2026, 12:1523,194+5
13 Sept 2026, 21:1723,189-2
12 Sept 2026, 01:5623,191+7
9 Sept 2026, 15:1723,184-1
6 Sept 2026, 07:4123,185-12
4 Sept 2026, 02:5723,197+2
2 Sept 2026, 19:1723,195+6
1 Sept 2026, 14:5723,189+6
31 Aug 2026, 15:2523,183+7
30 Aug 2026, 13:5723,176+17
29 Aug 2026, 12:3423,159+6
28 Aug 2026, 14:1323,153-10
27 Aug 2026, 11:1323,163-4
26 Aug 2026, 10:1623,167+8
25 Aug 2026, 13:2923,159-4
24 Aug 2026, 13:4223,163+2
22 Aug 2026, 20:4523,161-2
21 Aug 2026, 07:3323,163-1
20 Aug 2026, 11:0423,164first reading

Engagement

14 posts held, back to 8 March 2026the reader has not yet reached the start of this channel’s public history, so older posts may sit further back, unread. Read across 57 pages of Telegram’s post history, 20 posts per page.

ERR · 30 days
1.09%
avg views ÷ 23,199 subscribers
Avg views / post
254
1 post measured
Reaction rate
0.787%
reactions ÷ views · ER floor
Posts in window
1
of 14 held

ERR is average views per post over the last 30 days divided by subscribers, the definition TGStat uses, so this figure is comparable with the one you will see elsewhere. It falls structurally as a channel grows: a high ERR on a small channel and a low one on a large channel describe reach mathematics, not quality. We publish the figure and the sample it came from and pass no verdict on it.

ER is defined industry-wide as (forwards + reactions + comments) ÷ views — note the denominator is views, not subscribers. Telegram’s public web preview carries views and reactions but not forward or comment counts, so the reaction rate above is the reactions term only and is therefore a floor: the true ER for this channel is higher by an amount we have not measured and will not estimate.

What these figures were computed from
WindowRolling 30 days · latest post in window 28 August 2026
Posts held14 (8 March 202628 August 2026)
Views total254
Reactions total2
Forwards / commentsnot exposed by the public surface — not measured, not estimated
Readings taken3 Sept 2026, 11:10 UTC

Views are a single reading per post, taken at the time above. A post published in the last day or two is still accumulating views, which pulls the 30-day average down slightly. That is a property of the standard definition rather than a fault in it, so we keep the definition rather than “correcting” the number into something nobody can reproduce.

Precision. Telegram publishes view counts on its public widget in short form — 8.12K, 3.7M — so any reading at or above 1,000 reaches us rounded to three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. Averages and rates derived from them are shown to the same precision rather than to the unit: a figure like 3,701,250 would assert digits nobody measured.

Reaction counts are published per emoji and rounded the same way, so a total below 1,000 is exact and a larger one is a sum that may carry a rounded component from each emoji above 1,000. Because it is a sum, it does not look rounded — read a large reaction total as three significant figures per contributing emoji rather than as the figure it prints.

Reaction mix

49 reactions across 11 posts, in 3 distinct kinds. The most used accounts for 87.8% of them.

Every reaction kind recorded on the sample, most used first
ReactionCountShareShare, drawn
4387.8%
👍36.12%
🔥36.12%

No sentiment is inferred, and none should be read in. This table is ordered by count and by nothing else. Emoji do not carry stable meaning across languages or communities — 🙏 is thanks in one channel and mourning in another — so we publish which ones were pressed and how often, and pass no judgement on what an audience meant by them.

Precision. Telegram publishes reaction counts per emoji and short-forms each one — 4.34K, 1.2M — so any single kind at or above 1,000 reaches us at three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. The shares above are ratios of those figures and carry the same error. This is also why the total here can differ slightly from a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page: both are sums of the same rounded parts, taken over samples with different edges.

Coverage. Reactions were read on 12 of the 14 sampled posts in this sample. Summed by Telegram’s own count on each post — not by adding up the per-emoji breakdown above — those same posts carry 49 reactions in total: the kind of figure the paragraph above means by “a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page”.

Measured over the 14 most recent posts we hold, published 8 March 2026 to 28 August 2026, using the newest reading held for each. Telegram Stars are excluded: they are a payment, not a reaction, and they have their own section.

Recent posts

28 Aug 2026, 16:53 UTC254 views2 reactionsread 3 September 2026

📈 Stock Market News: 28 August 2026 1️⃣ Indian markets rebound 📈 The Nifty 50 gained 0.35% to 24,175.65, while the Sensex rose 0.43% to 77,264.51, snapping a two-session losing streak. 2️⃣ IT stocks lead the recovery 💻 The IT sector jumped around 3.5%, helped by strong global technology sentiment following Nvidia's results. TCS and Tech Mahindra were among the notable gainers. 3️⃣ But weekly losses continue 📉 Desp

2

12 Jun 2026, 15:59 UTC≈1,760 views5 reactionsread 3 September 2026
Photo

Support, Resistance & Trendlines

🔥32

7 Jun 2026, 11:35 UTC≈1,740 views6 reactionsread 3 September 2026

Inflation risk: Rent Paycheck Currency Savings account Grocery bill Utilities Inflation hedge: Home ownership Real estate Owning land Business with pricing power Gold Debt Assets Commodities Intellectual property Stocks Cryptocurrency Fruit tree Garden

6

5 May 2026, 06:02 UTC≈2,010 views7 reactionsread 3 September 2026

✅ Today's Finance News – May 5, 2026 1️⃣ RBI Holds Repo Rate Steady Monetary policy committee maintains 6.25% amid balanced inflation outlook; liquidity measures enhanced. 2️⃣ Sensex Nifty Gap-Up Open Benchmark indices open higher tracking positive global cues; IT banking sectors lead morning gains. 3️⃣ Bitcoin Surges Past $105K Crypto king rallies on institutional adoption; Ethereum tests $4,200 resistance with s

7

29 Apr 2026, 19:08 UTC≈1,620 views9 reactionsread 3 September 2026

𝟕 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐧 "𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐀𝐫𝐞 𝐆𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫" 📚 𝐛𝐲 𝐑𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐓. 𝐊𝐢𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐤𝐢 1. The power of compound interest: Compound interest is the magical force that allows the rich to get richer. It's the idea that when you earn interest on your money, you also earn interest on the interest you've already earned. This means that your money has the potential to grow exponentially over time. 2. The rich invest in assets:

8👍1

5 Apr 2026, 11:30 UTC≈1,710 views3 reactionsread 3 September 2026
Photo

Develop! ▪️ Engage in self-education. Read books about business and those that you like. Attend all kinds of exhibitions, strange crazy places, travel, take up new sports, be well-rounded - this will help you a lot in business. ▪️ Develop the character of a leader, logic, business IQ, the ability to communicate with people, develop gestures and facial expressions, manipulation, public speaking skills... Get involve

3

20 Mar 2026, 12:06 UTC≈1,830 views4 reactionsread 3 September 2026
Photo

Rupee hits record low of 93.49/$, plunges 86 paise in biggest fall since May 2025

2👍2

9 Mar 2026, 11:02 UTC≈1,880 views5 reactionsread 3 September 2026

🔹 Here are 25 ways to earn money online: 1. Freelance writing 2. Blogging 3. Affiliate marketing 4. Social media management 5. Virtual assistant services 6. Online tutoring 7. Web design and development 8. Graphic design 9. Content creation for YouTube 10. E-book publishing 11. Online surveys 12. Dropshipping 13. Selling handmade crafts on Etsy 14. App development 15. Podcasting 16. Online consulting 17. Translation

5

8 Mar 2026, 11:08 UTC≈1,480 viewsread 3 September 2026
Photo

Opportunity! Opportunity!! Opportunity!!! Many investors around the world are benefiting from cryptocurrency, and it’s amazing to see how lives are changing through smart investments. We’re truly glad to have found a reliable and transparent cryptocurrency platform to share with you. Many people are growing their wealth through this opportunity, thanks to its clear structure, honest communication, and transparency

Showing the 12 most recent of 14 posts we hold for @Finance_Stock_Trading. View and reaction counts are the latest single reading for each post, not a live figure, and a recent post is still accumulating both. A view count marked was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints views in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈1,200,000 means somewhere between 1,150,000 and 1,249,999. Unmarked counts are exact. Text is reproduced from the public post preview and truncated for length.

Mentions

Named by 3 registered channels — every channel on the register whose own posts have named this one, by its current username or any other username it currently holds, merged from two separately captured readings of the same fact so a namer caught by only one of them is not missed and a namer both caught is not counted twice. A username this channel has since dropped is not matched — that handle may belong to someone else now, and crediting today’s namer to yesterday’s owner would misattribute it.

Names

Channels on the register whose handles appear in this channel's posts.

A mention is a weaker signal than a forward and is counted separately for that reason — naming a channel is not republishing it, and a handle in a post body is easy to place deliberately. The post counts beside each row below are distinct posts in which the handle appeared, from posts we have read on both sides — the “Named by N registered channels” figure above is a different count, of distinct NAMING CHANNELS rather than posts, and is not the sum of the rows under it.

Channels Telegram recommends alongside this one

Telegram’s own answer, not this register’s. When this register asks Telegram’s API what is similar to this channel, this is the list it returns, in the exact order Telegram returns it — never re-sorted by subscribers or by anything else this register measures. The relationship, and the order, are Telegram’s; we record them and date them, and make no claim of our own about which of these channels actually resemble this one.

Finance, Trading & Stock Marketing Books
@BestFinanceBooks · 25,133
#1
Finance, Investing & Stock Marketing
@stockmarketinginsights · 25,941
#2
Startup & Business Ideas
@Learn_Startup · 32,970
#3
Learn Business and Finance
@Learn_Business_101 · 52,476
#4
TrueMinds | Personality Development - Words of Wisdom & Life Quotes
@trueminds · 27,308
#5
ChatGPT & Free AI Resources
@learngpt · 38,050
#6
Crypto Trends
@Bitcoin_Crypto_Web · 23,170
#7
Web Development & Javascript Notes - Frontend Resources
@webdevelopmentbook · 32,468
#8
Best AI Tools | ChatGPT | Perplexity | Deepseek | Artificial Intelligence
@AI_Best_Tools · 58,470
#9
SQL Programming Resources
@sqlanalyst · 76,675
#10
Web Development - HTML, CSS & JavaScript
@javascript_courses · 55,698
#11
Data Analytics
@sqlspecialist · 110,840
#12
Udemy Free Courses | Coding | ChatGPT | AI Crypto | Microsoft Certificate | Artificial Intelligence
@udemy_free_courses_with_certi · 70,746
#13
Data Science Projects
@pythonspecialist · 56,284
#14
Artificial Intelligence
@machinelearning_deeplearning · 55,794
#15
Learn English Speaking | Daily Conversation | IELTS | Grammar
@englishlearnerspro · 41,514
#16
MS Excel for Data Analysis
@excel_analyst · 72,703
#17
AI Prompts | ChatGPT | Google Gemini | Claude
@aiindi · 58,779
#18
Data Analyst Interview Resources
@dataanalystinterview · 52,595
#19
Python Interviews
@PythonInterviews · 28,969
#20
Data Analysis Books | Python | SQL | Excel | Artificial Intelligence | Power BI | Tableau | AI Resources
@learndataanalysis · 53,244
#21
Computer Science Interview Books
@InterviewBooks · 40,520
#22
Python Programming Books
@dsabooks · 59,150
#23
Data Analytics Projects - SQL, Excel, Tableau, Python & Power BI Interview Resources
@sqlproject · 39,683
#24
Coding Projects
@Programming_experts · 67,682
#25
Health Fitness & Diet Tips - Gym Motivation 💪
@HealthFitnessGymTips · 19,780
#26
Python Projects & Resources
@pythondevelopersindia · 63,430
#27
Data Science Portfolio - Kaggle Datasets & AI Projects | Artificial Intelligence
@DataPortfolio · 38,054
#28
Generative AI
@generativeai_gpt · 30,777
#29
Coding & AI Resources
@leadcoding · 35,447
#30
Web Development
@webdevcoursefree · 79,543
#31
Artificial Intelligence & ChatGPT Prompts
@Curiousprogrammer · 42,263
#32
Digital Marketing Tricks
@digitalmarketing_trick · 22,264
#33
Programming Resources | Python | Javascript | Artificial Intelligence Updates | Computer Science Courses | AI Books
@programming_guide · 56,038
#34
Coding Interview Resources
@crackingthecodinginterview · 52,258
#35
Job Interview Preparation - Remote Work
@jobinterviewsprep · 27,626
#36
AI Technology | Claude & ChatGPT Prompts
@aijobss · 13,720
#37
AI - Artificial Intelligence
@aineeringdotcom · 16,029
#38
Python Projects & Free Books
@pythonfreebootcamp · 40,776
#39
Crypto Gates | Blockchain Development
@OfficialCryptoGates · 16,524
#40
Artificial Intelligence | ChatGPT AI | Data Science & Machine Learning
@aichads · 22,928
#41
Learn Python
@LearnPython3 · 125,008
#42
Linkedin Learning
@linkedin_learning · 217,837
#43
Web Development
@webdev_trainings · 133,855
#44
Python Courses & Resources
@Python53 · 50,715
#45
Data Visualization
@data_visualization_bds · 6,314
#46
Coding AI Interview Jobs
@Interview_Jobs · 22,597
#47
AI.News.Daily
@ainews_daily · 3,926
#48
Code Diksha
@CodeDiksha · 3,108
#49
Coding Courses
@coding_learning1 · 18,275
#50
Data Science
@sql_databases · 70,599
#51
Always Free Udemy Courses
@AlwaysFreeUdemyCourses · 18,491
#52
Data Science & Machine Learning
@DataScienceInterviews · 27,687
#53
Data Analytics & AI | SQL Interviews | Power BI Resources
@Data_Visual · 27,531
#54
Software Developer Jobs & IT Internships
@internshiptojobs · 48,447
#55
Coding & Data Science Resources
@codingfreebooks · 32,560
#56
Data Analyst Jobs
@jobs_SQL · 91,363
#57
Jobs | Internships | Placement | Interviews
@getjobss · 113,409
#58
Power BI & Tableau Resources
@PowerBI_analyst · 55,842
#59
Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence | Data Science Free Courses
@datasciencefree · 68,356
#60
Data Science & Machine Learning
@datasciencefun · 77,458
#61
Python for Data Analysts
@pythonanalyst · 51,853
#62
Programing Resources: Python - Java - R - SQL - Javascript - C++
@the_programming_girls · 30,491
#63
Data Engineers
@sql_engineer · 11,050
#64
Cloud Engineers | AWS | Azure | GCP Devops Notes
@AWS_GCP_Azure · 5,465
#65
Data Science Jobs
@datasciencej · 8,315
#66
Google Jobs - FAANG Companies • Facebook • Microsoft • Amazon • Netflix • Apple
@FAANGJob · 26,871
#67
Data Science & Machine Learning Free Resources
@datascience69 · 20,479
#68
Web Development Jobs
@webdeveloperjob · 6,847
#69
Data science/ML/AI
@datascience_bds · 13,926
#70
AI Jobs | Artificial Intelligence
@AIjobz · 20,949
#71
AI Post — Artificial Intelligence
@aipost · 704,315
#72
Linux and DevOps
@LinuxMastery · 67,565
#73
Udemy
@udemyrip · 68,131
#74
Machine Learning
@MachineLearning9 · 41,289
#75
Learn JavaScript
@JavaScript_Trainings · 96,765
#76
Coding Quiz Zone
@CodingQuizZone · 1,563
#77
Business Analysts | SQL For Data Analytics | Excel | Artificial Intelligence | Power BI | Tableau | Python Resources
@analystcommunity · 4,559
#78
CODE NET
@C0DE_NET · 5,039
#79
Ready.code - JS development. Releases and articles
@ready_dot_code · 8,456
#80

Read from Telegram’s recommendation API, most recently 19 September 2026. Telegram holds a list like this for a small and growing share of the register — how this is measured, and why most channel pages show nothing here.

Appears in Telegram’s recommendations for other channels

The reverse of the list above, and a different kind of signal. This does not require this channel to have ever been asked about directly — each row below is a channel we DID ask Telegram about, whose Telegram-generated list happened to include this one. A channel can appear here with an empty list above it, because being named by someone else’s query is independent of having been queried itself.

Finance, Trading & Stock Marketing Books
@BestFinanceBooks · 25,133
Telegram ranks this channel #1 of 77 here — alongside 76 others — read 14 September 2026
Finance, Investing & Stock Marketing
@stockmarketinginsights · 25,941
Telegram ranks this channel #1 of 78 here — alongside 77 others — read 13 September 2026
Startup & Business Ideas
@Learn_Startup · 32,970
Telegram ranks this channel #4 of 81 here — alongside 80 others — read 4 September 2026
Crypto Trends
@Bitcoin_Crypto_Web · 23,170
Telegram ranks this channel #7 of 77 here — alongside 76 others — read 19 September 2026
TrueMinds | Personality Development - Words of Wisdom & Life Quotes
@trueminds · 27,308
Telegram ranks this channel #7 of 82 here — alongside 81 others — read 11 September 2026
Digital Marketing Tricks
@digitalmarketing_trick · 22,264
Telegram ranks this channel #21 of 78 here — alongside 77 others — read 21 September 2026
Learn English Speaking | Daily Conversation | IELTS | Grammar
@englishlearnerspro · 41,514
Telegram ranks this channel #22 of 80 here — alongside 79 others — read 29 August 2026
Learn Business and Finance
@Learn_Business_101 · 52,476
Telegram ranks this channel #26 of 70 here — alongside 69 others — read 24 August 2026
MS Excel for Data Analysis
@excel_analyst · 72,703
Telegram ranks this channel #47 of 84 here — alongside 83 others — read 20 August 2026
SQL Programming Resources
@sqlanalyst · 76,675
Telegram ranks this channel #49 of 85 here — alongside 84 others — read 19 August 2026
NOTES GALLERY
@NotesGallery1 · 90,300
Telegram ranks this channel #49 of 71 here — alongside 70 others — read 17 August 2026
Learn AutoCAD
@AutoCAD_Explained · 25,150
Telegram ranks this channel #50 of 50 here — alongside 49 others — read 14 September 2026
Web Development & Javascript Notes - Frontend Resources
@webdevelopmentbook · 32,468
Telegram ranks this channel #54 of 75 here — alongside 74 others — read 5 September 2026
Web Development - HTML, CSS & JavaScript
@javascript_courses · 55,698
Telegram ranks this channel #55 of 77 here — alongside 76 others — read 23 August 2026
Job Interview Preparation - Remote Work
@jobinterviewsprep · 27,626
Telegram ranks this channel #56 of 72 here — alongside 71 others — read 10 September 2026
Generative AI
@generativeai_gpt · 30,777
Telegram ranks this channel #57 of 82 here — alongside 81 others — read 7 September 2026
Coding AI Interview Jobs
@Interview_Jobs · 22,597
Telegram ranks this channel #59 of 72 here — alongside 71 others — read 20 September 2026
Python Interviews
@PythonInterviews · 28,969
Telegram ranks this channel #59 of 86 here — alongside 85 others — read 9 September 2026
ChatGPT & Free AI Resources
@learngpt · 38,050
Telegram ranks this channel #60 of 79 here — alongside 78 others — read 31 August 2026
Udemy Free Courses | Coding | ChatGPT | AI Crypto | Microsoft Certificate | Artificial Intelligence
@udemy_free_courses_with_certi · 70,746
Telegram ranks this channel #61 of 80 here — alongside 79 others — read 20 August 2026
Computer Science Interview Books
@InterviewBooks · 40,520
Telegram ranks this channel #62 of 78 here — alongside 77 others — read 30 August 2026
Best AI Tools | ChatGPT | Perplexity | Deepseek | Artificial Intelligence
@AI_Best_Tools · 58,470
Telegram ranks this channel #63 of 82 here — alongside 81 others — read 23 August 2026
AI Prompts | ChatGPT | Google Gemini | Claude
@aiindi · 58,779
Telegram ranks this channel #64 of 85 here — alongside 84 others — read 23 August 2026
Artificial Intelligence | ChatGPT AI | Data Science & Machine Learning
@aichads · 22,928
Telegram ranks this channel #65 of 87 here — alongside 86 others — read 19 September 2026

This channel appears in 54 seed channels' Telegram-generated recommendation lists in total, of which the 24 where it ranks highest are shown above. Each is Telegram’s list for THAT channel, not this one — see how this is measured.

Cite this entry

A live page changes as we take new readings, so a citation should name the measurement it is based on, not just the URL. The line below cites the subscriber count as measured 17 September 2026 — this entry's latest reading, not the date you are reading this.

“Finance | Trading Tips | Stock Marketing | Business News” (@Finance_Stock_Trading), 23,199 subscribers as measured 17 September 2026. Telegram Register, tgregister.com/channel/Finance_Stock_Trading.

Full measurement history, CC BY 4.0. Every reading this register holds for this entry, not just the latest one, as a dated, downloadable record: CSV · JSON. Free to use with attribution to tgregister.com. Each file carries its own generation timestamp, which is the figure to cite for exactly when the data was retrieved.