SA juga boleh, tapi kita prioritize main account dulu yaaaaaa

Channel
Romanovna Sister: Rosaverdant Court.
@TheeRomanovna
On this record: Topic · Growth · Engagement · What this channel posts · Posts · Posts edited after publishing · Posts recorded as deleted · Citations · Handles named that no longer answer · Cite this entry
9,319subscribers
+593 since we began measuring on 6 August 2026
Risers and fallers across the register · movement among entries of 3,162–10,000.
Register entry
| Telegram ID | -1002029934592 |
|---|---|
| Type | Channel |
| Username | @TheeRomanovna |
| Created | Between 1 November 2023 and 31 May 2024 — estimated from Telegram’s id allocation, not measured. How this range is calculated. |
| First recorded | 6 August 2026 |
| Last confirmed live | 6 November 2026 |
| Measurements held | 24 |
| Confirmed unchanged | 1 time, most recently 6 November 2026 |
| On Telegram | t.me/TheeRomanovna |
Topic
Other / unclassifiable — a classification, not a measurement. An on-box language model (Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-FP8, prompt version 1) read this channel’s own recent posts on 11 September 2026 and assigned it the closest of 31 fixed categories, at 76% confidence. This is a model’s judgement about what the channel is likely to be about, not a fact this register measured the way a subscriber count or a view count is measured — it can be revised on a later pass, and it carries no weight anywhere else on this page. How this classification works, and the other topics.
Growth
| Measured (UTC) | Subscribers | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 6 Nov 2026, 17:35 | 9,319 | +45 |
| 3 Nov 2026, 16:57 | 9,274 | +71 |
| 31 Oct 2026, 11:04 | 9,203 | +47 |
| 28 Oct 2026, 09:49 | 9,156 | -10 |
| 25 Oct 2026, 10:49 | 9,166 | +72 |
| 22 Oct 2026, 10:26 | 9,094 | -26 |
| 19 Oct 2026, 11:07 | 9,120 | -63 |
| 16 Oct 2026, 16:37 | 9,183 | +50 |
| 13 Oct 2026, 20:59 | 9,133 | +1 |
| 8 Oct 2026, 17:57 | 9,132 | -43 |
| 2 Oct 2026, 02:21 | 9,175 | -19 |
| 16 Sept 2026, 18:00 | 9,194 | +59 |
| 13 Sept 2026, 02:36 | 9,135 | -87 |
| 9 Sept 2026, 12:55 | 9,222 | +61 |
| 4 Sept 2026, 12:59 | 9,161 | +62 |
| 28 Aug 2026, 21:34 | 9,099 | +40 |
| 25 Aug 2026, 20:18 | 9,059 | +38 |
| 22 Aug 2026, 23:35 | 9,021 | -11 |
| 19 Aug 2026, 10:13 | 9,032 | -45 |
| 16 Aug 2026, 17:47 | 9,077 | first reading |
Engagement
307 posts held, back to 5 August 2026 — the reader has not yet reached the start of this channel’s public history, so older posts may sit further back, unread. Read across 40 pages of Telegram’s post history, 20 posts per page.
- ERR · 30 days
- 0.569%
- avg views ÷ 9,319 subscribers
- Avg views / post
- 53.0
- 59 posts measured
- Reaction rate
- —
- this channel exposes no reaction counts
- Posts in window
- 59
- of 307 held
ERR is average views per post over the last 30 days divided by subscribers, the definition TGStat uses, so this figure is comparable with the one you will see elsewhere. It falls structurally as a channel grows: a high ERR on a small channel and a low one on a large channel describe reach mathematics, not quality. We publish the figure and the sample it came from and pass no verdict on it.
ER is defined industry-wide as (forwards + reactions + comments) ÷ views — note the denominator is views, not subscribers. Telegram’s public web preview carries views and reactions but not forward or comment counts, so the reaction rate above is the reactions term only and is therefore a floor: the true ER for this channel is higher by an amount we have not measured and will not estimate.
| Window | Rolling 30 days · latest post in window 6 November 2026 |
|---|---|
| Posts held | 307 (5 August 2026 – 6 November 2026) |
| Views total | 3,128 |
| Reactions total | — |
| Forwards / comments | not exposed by the public surface — not measured, not estimated |
| Readings taken | 6 Nov 2026, 10:45 UTC |
Views are a single reading per post, taken at the time above. A post published in the last day or two is still accumulating views, which pulls the 30-day average down slightly. That is a property of the standard definition rather than a fault in it, so we keep the definition rather than “correcting” the number into something nobody can reproduce.
Precision. Telegram publishes view counts on its public widget in short form — 8.12K, 3.7M — so any reading at or above 1,000 reaches us rounded to three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. Averages and rates derived from them are shown to the same precision rather than to the unit: a figure like 3,701,250 would assert digits nobody measured.
Reaction counts are published per emoji and rounded the same way, so a total below 1,000 is exact and a larger one is a sum that may carry a rounded component from each emoji above 1,000. Because it is a sum, it does not look rounded — read a large reaction total as three significant figures per contributing emoji rather than as the figure it prints.
What this channel posts
- Video runtime
- 3m 53s
- Average length
- 10s
Measured directly from 24 videos with a duration reading, out of the posts we hold for this channel — not this channel’s whole posting history, only the sample this register has actually read. An exact reading to the second, taken from the post itself rather than from Telegram’s own rounded chrome, so it carries no ≈ mark.
Recent posts
Telegram’s own ‘edited’ marker: 0 of 59 posts held from the last 30 days (0%) carried it when this register last read them. The marker says a post was changed after publishing, not what it said before — this register holds the earlier wording only where an edit fell between two of its own reads (see the edit ledger and how it is measured).
Good morning, Oldensssssss. Let's go sfs with main account yuk? @TheRomanovnabot 🤍
Sticker, posted without a caption
#LiesbonGardenSoirée
ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ A GLIMPSE SOIRÉE ㅤㅤㅤㅤ UPON THE LIESBON SISTERS ㅤㅤHaze of 1970’s: “#LiesbonGardenSoirée.” ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ ㅤㅤㅤㅤ The entrance of their sophisticated charm, and the unfold mystery about them. Through the beautiful evening with an unexpected things. 𓏲 ๋࣭ ࣪ ℒ˖ ──────── (Grosse Pointe, Michigan.) ㅤㅤㅤㅤ ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ
Sticker, posted without a caption
ALMANACH DE GOTHA Imperial Dynadeia for the enthroned. Descended with grace voluminous o' resplendent solemnity for the sacred day they are celebrating, engraved a meaningful letter that lavish virtue with our dynasty. Be glorified! @TheMeirhart, @HouseOfLetheris, @JYPERSPACE, @CoterieOfYeltsin, @Clarkinside. Bestowed generously, amazing things will absorb and enhance the manor: we urge and may you always be given a…
Sticker, posted without a caption
Give them some reactionnnn
And Oldens! Look at our Cortis boys! They were apparently spending some quality time together at the studio. It's always lovely seeing these boys having fun and making memories. Such precious beans 🤍
Sticker, posted without a caption
And that's a wrap for today's anon session! We're all heading back to our respective rooms to get some rest, so it's time to close things up for tonight. Thanks to everyone who participated and kept the questions coming. We really appreciate you spending a little time with us, hope we didn't leave anyone with the wrong impression or hurt feelings. We'll catch up with you again next time, have a good night, fellas!
Showing the 12 most recent of 307 posts we hold for @TheeRomanovna. View and reaction counts are the latest single reading for each post, not a live figure, and a recent post is still accumulating both. A view count marked ≈ was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints views in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈1,200,000 means somewhere between 1,150,000 and 1,249,999. Unmarked counts are exact. Text is reproduced from the public post preview and truncated for length.
Posts edited after publishing
@TheeRomanovna edited 1 post after it first published — the same permalink now carries different wording than the one this register originally read, caught because our own crawl held a copy of the earlier text.
An edit is not deception. Typo fixes, price updates and corrections look exactly like this too — this register can tell you the wording changed and when, not why. How this is measured.
- First edit seen
- 10 August 2026
- Most recent edit
- 10 August 2026
Posts recorded as deleted after publishing
We recorded 1 post on @TheeRomanovna as deleted — posts this register held that were missing from the channel’s public page on two separate reads, taken from different network addresses at least an hour apart.
A deletion is not wrongdoing. This register can see that a post it held is no longer on the channel’s public page, and when — not why. Expired ad placements, reposts, rotating links and corrections all look the same. This is a count of recorded detections, not an exact total: it misses deletions we could not see, because only a post we held and later re-read inside the page can be seen to go, and it may include a small number of wrong records. How this is measured.
- First seen missing
- 9 August 2026
- Most recent seen missing
- 9 August 2026
- Median time before seen missing
- 12 hours
- Seen missing in the last 30 days
- 0
Forward network
Republished by
Channels on the register that have forwarded this channel's posts into their own feed.
Republished by 53 registered channels. The 48 listed are the ones that have forwarded the most posts; the rest are counted here but not each listed.
@ImperiaIDynasty · 5320 postsBosche De La Mer.
@BoschDeLaMer · 12,8392 postsLodge of Canine and Feline: ✱ The Caltbern.
@Caltbern · 7,1782 postsThe Heritage of Cherrilane : The Orchard's Secret
@Cherrilane · 8,3811 postChouren Recipe Book
@Chourens · 181 postBERGKITIW
@ChroniclesOfBerg · 8,7361 postInside: Agents of C.L.A.R.K.
@ClarkRecords · 111 postYELTSIN:ㅤ冥縁 ㅤ🀄
@CoterieOfYeltsin · 4,0911 postDALLUNÉ (DISBAND).
@Dallune · 11 postRiesveld: Rise of Lanterns.
@DearRiesveld · 221 postSolmare’s Enchanted Keep.
@DiarySols · 211 postCarrs' Back-Terrace
@DimoraCarrasco · 241 postконверт дворникова
@DvornikovTerritory · 81 postEsoteric Orbit; The Starlit Oasis.
@Esorbi · 31 postDynast Landʼs Treasury Dossier.
@FolderPrincess · 191 postKeeping up with Goury
@GouryDossier · 161 postLa Historia de Guerrero
@GuerreroFams · 91 postEver-dwelling Seasons: Haven of Eihf. ୨ৎ
@HavenOfEihf · 4,3881 postSweetness Hides A Secret : House Of Thimblea
@HouseOfThimblea · 10,5291 postArchives of Hybenosis Mic.
@Hybenosis · 101 postChronicle of Ignarev.
@Ignarev · 321 postJYPERSPACE: Motion of Hidden Worlds Theory.
@JYPERSPACE · 7,8091 post(DISBAND) KHERAELD: Blood & Roots.
@KHERAELD · 1,1321 postCountryside of Maiden, Maravilhosa.
@LaMaravilhosa · 3221 postLe Chantier Mills, Repository
@LeChantiersMills · 311 postPetals Bound of Liesbon.
@LiesbonSisters · 10,2491 postArchives Lumën’s
@Lumeners · 121 postMertzlan's Athenaeum Papers.
@Mertzlan · 271 postMINDWAVE.
@MlNDWAVE · 5,8221 postMonsVity's Timeline
@MonstaXCravity · 131 postDrowned Child's Fantasy, The Rauleigh.
@RauIeigh · 191 postBlessed Writ Of Romanovna.
@RomanovnaSolemnize · 321 postSommer’s Storage
@SommerStorage · 121 postStarry Of Vincent.
@StarryOfVincent · 2,5951 postThe Eternal Bond: String Of Scarvaine.
@StringOfScarvaine · 9,4111 postCorvayne's archive.
@TheCorvayne · 81 postDEITIES : Immortals Triumph.
@TheDeities · 1,7851 postSeasons Of Eihf.
@TheEihf · 181 postEllvius's Storage Box.
@TheEllvius · 341 postMonster University: ENVERIOUS.
@TheEnverious · 1,6081 post"Eternal Kin : The Geldart of the Family"
@TheGeldart · 10,3131 postLeaf of Keithrone.
@TheKeithrone · 31 postWhispers at the Hearth: The Meirhärt.
@TheMeirhart · 10,1781 postThe Tsesarevich, Nikolovich Brotherhood.
@TheeNikolovich · 2,8031 postNocturne Voult, Sage Bender
@borntocrave · 2241 postThe Keeper‘s Journal 𓇢𓆸
@brionyvales · 131 postDR. Chaestuffins.
@chaestuffins · 2061 postELDRAETH: Ebon Swan's Eternal Manor.
@eldraeth · 8,7911 post
Republishes
Channels on the register whose posts this channel has forwarded.
Republishes 57 registered channels. The 48 listed are the ones this channel has forwarded most; the rest are counted here but not each listed.
@RomanovnaSister · 5516 postsBlessed Writ Of Romanovna.
@RomanovnaSolemnize · 329 postsSERENA: SUMMER ESCAPE OF ROMANOVNA & PEARCE.
@SunlitSerena · 727 postsPink Hour: Tea, Roses & Conservatory.
@AtRomanovna · 224 postsJASP.ER PROJECT #SantaStepsInto23
@JASPPROJECT · 572 postsWhere Morning Found Us: Noi Le Merfyn.
@NoiMerfyn · 13,7592 postsALD1 PROJECT! #SanghyeonPawtyBox
@ALD1PROJECT · 1741 postArclaine: A Masquerade of Secrets and Splendor.
@Arclaine · 4,1641 postCLO’VER Project.
@CLO_VERPROJECT · 141 postThe Calsearth Ledger: Ales of The Old World.
@Calsearth · 14,6951 postCathéct Valle D'oro: Song Of Lambs And Olive Hills.
@CathectLaFamilie · 4,7041 postCORTIS #21CenturyOfJames
@CortisProject · 1,5651 postYELTSIN:ㅤ冥縁 ㅤ🀄
@CoterieOfYeltsin · 4,0911 post(RPIN) Amazing World Of Gumball: The Courthlace Chapter.
@Courthlace · 11,1141 post𝘌𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭 𝘖𝘥𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘓𝘦𝘦 𝘚𝘶𝘯𝘨𝘬𝘺𝘶𝘯𝘨.
@EtherealOde · 11 postFAEVERN: Second Stars Enclave.
@Faevern · 3,2101 postHOUSE OF IGNAREV: The Ashen Shadow Theatre.
@FlameOfIgnarev · 10,7361 postLabyrinth Queens : GIRLIDLE Legacy.
@GlRLIDLE · 171 post[REST] La Reidlüx Familia: The Manor Whispers.
@HallOfReidlux · 1,8001 postThe Hall of Xianyu: Lóuzhen Lingxiu
@HeavenOfLouzhen · 8,6871 postMemoranda of Peculiar Souls : House for Elmswythe
@HouseForElmswythe · 3,1581 postHouse Of Luthien: Wonder Lie Beyond.
@HouseOfLuthien · 7,6771 post𝙄𝙇𝙇𝙐𝙑: I𝗇𝖿𝗂𝗇𝗂𝗍𝖾 𝖫𝗎𝗅𝗅𝖺𝖻𝗒 𝖮𝖿 𝖫𝖮𝖵Ə
@IILLUV · 7,0351 post(PAGUY) JUEUNYX.
@JUEUNYX · 5,2251 postJYPERSPACE: Motion of Hidden Worlds Theory.
@JYPERSPACE · 7,8091 postThe Shadowed BloodMoon: Duisterg Clan.
@KasteelOfDuisterg · 9,1391 postKiddy Court: A Symphony of Growing Together.
@KiddyCourt · 2,5341 postOf Tints and Homes: Greesacht Familia
@KinOfGreesacht · 14,0561 postLe Chantier Mills: Maison des Échoes.
@LeChantierMills · 6,9481 postLegacy of Artemios: Under the Golden Spotlight.
@LegacyOfArtemios · 2,2771 post(PAGUY) SOLITAIRE OF ICARUS.
@LesSolicarus · 1,2711 postPetals Bound of Liesbon.
@LiesbonSisters · 10,2491 postMaison Of Nethers: Bloodlines of Illusion.
@MaisonOfNethers · 3,4541 postNOCTREL: THE HOUSE OF MIDNIGHT OATH.
@Noctrel · 2,4271 postForged in Fear: Norvein Syndicate.
@NorveinSibs · 4,2661 postOURBIRTHDAY PARTY. #Hyejin19thCupOfMatcha
@OURBITTY · 141 postTHE BOYNEXTDOOR: #23rdSplashOfRiwoo
@RHYTHMOFBND · 3351 postAnarchy With The Lorth; Resist Until The End.
@RogueLorth · 10,9721 post(DISBAND) The Danvery’s House
@TheDanvery · 6,0471 post[RESTING]. Tales of The Winter Seasons: The Edurne Familie.
@TheEdurne · 6,0411 postWhispers at the Hearth: The Meirhärt.
@TheMeirhart · 10,1781 postThe Tsesarevich, Nikolovich Brotherhood.
@TheeNikolovich · 2,8031 postBeyond-Child. #EvonPoppinInto18th
@beyondchild · 171 postKENG HARIT #BornToShineKengHarit27
@kengharitofc · 3331 postKittage. #LeesolRollsTo21
@kittage · 2701 postMEURNOTT
@meurnott · 5,7721 postla vita pearce: sorellanza.
@pearcecosta · 1,5431 postSSERA.FILE
@sserafiles · 1481 post
Built only from forwarded posts we have actually read, on both sides. Coverage is early and deliberately incomplete: a missing link means we have not read the post that would prove it, never that the relationship does not exist. Counts are distinct forwarded posts observed, so they only ever go up as we read more.
Mentions
Named by 108 registered channels — every channel on the register whose own posts have named this one, by its current username or any other username it currently holds, merged from two separately captured readings of the same fact so a namer caught by only one of them is not missed and a namer both caught is not counted twice. A username this channel has since dropped is not matched — that handle may belong to someone else now, and crediting today’s namer to yesterday’s owner would misattribute it. The 24 listed below are the most frequent namers; the rest are counted above but not each listed.
Named by
Channels on the register whose posts name this channel's handle.
@TheEihf · 1818 postsEver-dwelling Seasons: Haven of Eihf. ୨ৎ
@HavenOfEihf · 4,38816 postsThe Wilkins: House Of Divergence.
@thewilkins · 8,72411 posts#CNG
@KEP1ER · 845 postsThe Gleaming Vault.
@Pearryz · 125 postsTimeless Elegance: A Legacy Of Couture.
@ENCouturee · 9974 postsITZY Alliance; #Lia26thSummerLagoon.
@itzyalliance · 1144 postsOf Tints and Homes: Greesacht Familia
@KinOfGreesacht · 14,0564 postsATHEARLYS #SqueakNahyunDay.
@athearlys · 883 postsBosche De La Mer.
@BoschDeLaMer · 12,8393 postsKep1er Projects – "The Rise of Tomorrow’s Stars" 𓇻
@Kep1erProjects · 393 postsBlessed Writ Of Romanovna.
@RomanovnaSolemnize · 323 postsHaushalt: Schäfer Familie
@SchaferHaus · 10,2603 postsꪆᰰ ˖۪˚ 𝑺𝑻𝑨𝑹𝑫𝑶𝑴: 𝑩𝑳𝑰𝑵𝑲 ༉‧₊˚
@StardomArchive · 63 postsThe Calsearth Ledger: Ales of The Old World.
@Calsearth · 14,6952 postsThe Heritage of Cherrilane : The Orchard's Secret
@Cherrilane · 8,3812 posts𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑫𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕.
@Dolovent · 4302 postsHouse Of Etherhail: Beyond The Horizon.
@HouseOfEtherhail · 18,1742 postsThe Arcanum of Rochéveil: Under Constellated Skies.
@Rocheveil · 18,8692 posts"Eternal Kin : The Geldart of the Family"
@TheGeldart · 10,3132 posts(DISBANDED) THE GOLDEN OAKS: Country Club.
@TheGoldenOaks · 2112 postsDIARY OF THE HEFFLINS : A Page We Probably Shouldn't Post.
@TheHefflins · 15,6592 postsSunrise on the Reaping: The Runeshard Household 🏹
@TheRuneshard · 21,0442 postsWONXY; The Onxy Swan 🩹🩸ృ
@TheWonxy · 4,0012 posts
Names
Channels on the register whose handles appear in this channel's posts.
@TheeNikolovich · 2,80317 postsEver-dwelling Seasons: Haven of Eihf. ୨ৎ
@HavenOfEihf · 4,38813 postsSanctuary in Mist: Hoonelle.
@Hoonelle · 1,31611 postsla vita pearce: sorellanza.
@pearcecosta · 1,5435 postsYELTSIN:ㅤ冥縁 ㅤ🀄
@CoterieOfYeltsin · 4,0914 postsNOCTREL: THE HOUSE OF MIDNIGHT OATH.
@Noctrel · 2,4274 postsWhispers at the Hearth: The Meirhärt.
@TheMeirhart · 10,1784 postsCathéct Valle D'oro: Song Of Lambs And Olive Hills.
@CathectLaFamilie · 4,7043 postsCodename: CLARKINSIDE.
@Clarkinside · 1,9373 postsFAEVERN: Second Stars Enclave.
@Faevern · 3,2103 postsHouse of Letheris: Sanctuary of Lotus-Tinted Quiet.
@HouseOfLetheris · 8,2733 postsHouse Of Luthien: Wonder Lie Beyond.
@HouseOfLuthien · 7,6773 postsJYPERSPACE: Motion of Hidden Worlds Theory.
@JYPERSPACE · 7,8093 postsOf Tints and Homes: Greesacht Familia
@KinOfGreesacht · 14,0563 postsThe Tale of Mondcroft: Where Every Bunny Belongs.
@Mondcroft · 5,2103 postsMondzelt de la Lune Bleue.
@MONDZELT · 7,0973 postsWhere Morning Found Us: Noi Le Merfyn.
@NoiMerfyn · 13,7593 postsPlaytime, CO: The Fabricated.
@PIaytimeCO · 7243 postsThe House of Romanovna.
@Russiandynasty · 273 postsArclaine: A Masquerade of Secrets and Splendor.
@Arclaine · 4,1642 postsDISBANDED.
@Ellvius · 3,7102 posts[RESTING]. Tales of The Winter Seasons: The Edurne Familie.
@TheEdurne · 6,0412 postsProdigious Corsair Kin: THE VANSENT
@TheVansents · 6,5532 postsThe Wilkins: House Of Divergence.
@thewilkins · 8,7242 posts
A mention is a weaker signal than a forward and is counted separately for that reason — naming a channel is not republishing it, and a handle in a post body is easy to place deliberately. The post counts beside each row below are distinct posts in which the handle appeared, from posts we have read on both sides — the “Named by N registered channels” figure above is a different count, of distinct NAMING CHANNELS rather than posts, and is not the sum of the rows under it.
Handles this channel named that no longer answer
- Dead references
- 1
- handles named in this channel’s posts, vacant today
- Evidenced gone
- 1
- we ourselves saw one of these resolve, at some point
- Never seen alive
- 0
- vacant every time we have ever looked
@TheeRomanovna named 1 handle that resolve to nothing today. That is a fact about the reference, not necessarily a fact about the handle’s history — see the two groups below.
Most of these may never have existed as a live channel at all. A handle a channel names can be a typo, an aspirational name nobody registered, or a channel that was already gone before this one ever mentioned it. Unless a row below is marked evidenced, all we know is that it references a handle that is not a live channel today — not that anything “died”. How this is measured.
Evidenced gone
We ourselves saw each of these resolve to a real page at some point before it went vacant — a genuine, evidenced change, not an inference from absence.
named in 2 posts, 27 August 2026 – 27 August 2026 · confirmed gone 27 October 2026 (two independent sightings — see how we confirm a dead handle)evidenced
Cite this entry
A live page changes as we take new readings, so a citation should name the measurement it is based on, not just the URL. The line below cites the subscriber count as measured 6 November 2026 — this entry's latest reading, not the date you are reading this.
“Romanovna Sister: Rosaverdant Court.” (@TheeRomanovna), 9,319 subscribers as measured 6 November 2026. Telegram Register, tgregister.com/channel/TheeRomanovna.
Full measurement history, CC BY 4.0. Every reading this register holds for this entry, not just the latest one, as a dated, downloadable record: CSV · JSON. Free to use with attribution to tgregister.com. Each file carries its own generation timestamp, which is the figure to cite for exactly when the data was retrieved.