🔴ورود چین به پرونده یمن؛معادله جدید مقابل سعودی 🎙مصطفی شریفی؛ کارشناس مسائل یمن 🔹عربستان با مسئلهای مواجه است که دیگر نمیتواند صرفاً از مسیر نظامی آن را مدیریت کند. مسئله صرفا توقف حملات یا برقراری آتش بس نیست، بلکه مسئله،جایگاه سیاسی و نظامی صنعا در معادلات آینده یمن و امنیت منطقهای است. برای فهم این وضعیت ابتدا باید به تحرکات دیپلماتیک چین توجه کنیم. 🔹دولت صنعا در دیدار هیئت میانجیگر چینی خواستار آن شده که نم…

Channel
رسانه تبیینی نجم
@naajm_ir
On this record: Topic · Also posting the same content · Growth · Engagement · What this channel posts · Reactions · Posts · Posts edited after publishing · Citations · Telegram's recommendations · Cite this entry
24,897subscribers
-21,335 since we began measuring on 6 August 2026
Risers and fallers across the register · movement among entries of 10,000–31,623.
Register entry
| Telegram ID | -1001973093336 |
|---|---|
| Type | Channel |
| Username | @naajm_ir |
| Description | «نجم» رسانهای بینالمللی برای ارائه تحلیلهای عمیق و نگاهی تازه به جهان؛ فراتر از خبر، برای فهم بهتر تحولات جهانی. https://www.youtube.com/@najm_ir https://www.instagram.com/naajm.ir https://www.aparat.com/najm_media https://eitaa.com/naajm_ir |
| Created | Between 1 April 2023 and 31 October 2023 — estimated from Telegram’s id allocation, not measured. How this range is calculated. |
| First recorded | 6 August 2026 |
| Last confirmed live | 6 November 2026 |
| Measurements held | 61 |
| Confirmed unchanged | 1 time, most recently 6 November 2026 |
| On Telegram | t.me/naajm_ir |
Topic
International news — a classification, not a measurement. An on-box language model (Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-UD-Q6_K_XL, prompt version 1) read this channel’s own recent posts on 20 August 2026 and assigned it the closest of 31 fixed categories, at 80% confidence. This is a model’s judgement about what the channel is likely to be about, not a fact this register measured the way a subscriber count or a view count is measured — it can be revised on a later pass, and it carries no weight anywhere else on this page. How this classification works, and the other topics.
Also posting the same content
This channel’s posts match, word for word or near enough, posts on 1 other registered channel, found by comparing text fingerprints across every channel on the register. That matching has been checked by hand against the live Telegram pages and found reliable — 0 wrong of 45 pairs re-read.
Which channel, if either, published first is deliberately not shown. The same hand-check found that reading wrong 18 of 45 times — 60%, no better than a coin flip — because it depends on how deep our own crawl happened to reach into each channel’s history, not on when the content was actually first posted. This list is ordered by subscriber count, the same as every other listing on this site, never by which channel we think came first. Word-for-word matching has several ordinary explanations besides copying — a channel mirroring itself, an unattributed repost, or two channels independently repeating the same wire story — and this measurement cannot tell those apart. How this is measured.
Growth
| Measured (UTC) | Subscribers | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 6 Nov 2026, 16:37 | 24,897 | -27 |
| 5 Nov 2026, 13:49 | 24,924 | -8 |
| 4 Nov 2026, 14:50 | 24,932 | -5 |
| 3 Nov 2026, 15:08 | 24,937 | -6 |
| 2 Nov 2026, 13:10 | 24,943 | -16 |
| 1 Nov 2026, 13:06 | 24,959 | -16 |
| 31 Oct 2026, 15:11 | 24,975 | -63 |
| 30 Oct 2026, 15:28 | 25,038 | -7 |
| 29 Oct 2026, 12:08 | 25,045 | -6 |
| 28 Oct 2026, 13:19 | 25,051 | -9 |
| 27 Oct 2026, 11:27 | 25,060 | -57 |
| 26 Oct 2026, 11:46 | 25,117 | -13 |
| 25 Oct 2026, 13:27 | 25,130 | -48 |
| 24 Oct 2026, 15:28 | 25,178 | -28 |
| 23 Oct 2026, 16:48 | 25,206 | -25 |
| 22 Oct 2026, 13:18 | 25,231 | -31 |
| 21 Oct 2026, 04:16 | 25,262 | -61 |
| 19 Oct 2026, 23:09 | 25,323 | -12 |
| 17 Oct 2026, 17:58 | 25,335 | -41 |
| 16 Oct 2026, 19:21 | 25,376 | first reading |
Engagement
183 posts held, back to 26 July 2026 — the reader has not yet reached the start of this channel’s public history, so older posts may sit further back, unread. Read across 146 pages of Telegram’s post history, 20 posts per page.
- ERR · 30 days
- 22.9%
- avg views ÷ 24,897 subscribers
- Avg views / post
- 5,700
- 61 posts measured
- Reaction rate
- 0.05%
- reactions ÷ views · ER floor
- Posts in window
- 63
- of 183 held
ERR is average views per post over the last 30 days divided by subscribers, the definition TGStat uses, so this figure is comparable with the one you will see elsewhere. It falls structurally as a channel grows: a high ERR on a small channel and a low one on a large channel describe reach mathematics, not quality. We publish the figure and the sample it came from and pass no verdict on it.
ER is defined industry-wide as (forwards + reactions + comments) ÷ views — note the denominator is views, not subscribers. Telegram’s public web preview carries views and reactions but not forward or comment counts, so the reaction rate above is the reactions term only and is therefore a floor: the true ER for this channel is higher by an amount we have not measured and will not estimate. It is computed over the 56 of 61 measured posts that carry a reaction reading, and over those same posts' views.
| Window | Rolling 30 days · latest post in window 6 November 2026 |
|---|---|
| Posts held | 183 (26 July 2026 – 6 November 2026) |
| Views total | 347,530 |
| Reactions total | 159 |
| Forwards / comments | not exposed by the public surface — not measured, not estimated |
| Readings taken | 7 Nov 2026, 12:15 UTC |
Views are a single reading per post, taken at the time above. A post published in the last day or two is still accumulating views, which pulls the 30-day average down slightly. That is a property of the standard definition rather than a fault in it, so we keep the definition rather than “correcting” the number into something nobody can reproduce.
Precision. Telegram publishes view counts on its public widget in short form — 8.12K, 3.7M — so any reading at or above 1,000 reaches us rounded to three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. Averages and rates derived from them are shown to the same precision rather than to the unit: a figure like 3,701,250 would assert digits nobody measured.
Reaction counts are published per emoji and rounded the same way, so a total below 1,000 is exact and a larger one is a sum that may carry a rounded component from each emoji above 1,000. Because it is a sum, it does not look rounded — read a large reaction total as three significant figures per contributing emoji rather than as the figure it prints.
What this channel posts
- Photos
- ≈16,400
- Videos
- ≈14,800
- Links
- ≈1,070
Lifetime counters from Telegram’s own channel header, read 7 November 2026 — not the date at the top of this page, which is when the subscriber count was last read. A count marked ≈ was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints these counters in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈142,000 means somewhere between 141,500 and 142,499.
- Video runtime
- 6h 42m
- Average length
- 2m 55s
Measured directly from 138 videos with a duration reading, out of the posts we hold for this channel — not this channel’s whole posting history, only the sample this register has actually read. An exact reading to the second, taken from the post itself rather than from Telegram’s own rounded chrome, so it carries no ≈ mark.
Reaction mix
291 reactions across 115 posts, in 6 distinct kinds. The most used accounts for 52.6% of them.
| Reaction | Count | Share | Share, drawn |
|---|---|---|---|
| ❤ | 153 | 52.6% | |
| 👍 | 89 | 30.6% | |
| 👌 | 23 | 7.90% | |
| 🙏 | 19 | 6.53% | |
| 😢 | 5 | 1.72% | |
| 😭 | 2 | 0.687% |
No sentiment is inferred, and none should be read in. This table is ordered by count and by nothing else. Emoji do not carry stable meaning across languages or communities — 🙏 is thanks in one channel and mourning in another — so we publish which ones were pressed and how often, and pass no judgement on what an audience meant by them.
Precision. Telegram publishes reaction counts per emoji and short-forms each one — 4.34K, 1.2M — so any single kind at or above 1,000 reaches us at three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. The shares above are ratios of those figures and carry the same error. This is also why the total here can differ slightly from a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page: both are sums of the same rounded parts, taken over samples with different edges.
Coverage. Reactions were read on 124 of the 183 sampled posts in this sample. Summed by Telegram’s own count on each post — not by adding up the per-emoji breakdown above — those same posts carry 301 reactions in total: the kind of figure the paragraph above means by “a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page”.
Measured over the 183 most recent posts we hold, published 26 July 2026 to 6 November 2026, using the newest reading held for each. Telegram Stars are excluded: they are a payment, not a reaction, and they have their own section.
Recent posts
Telegram’s own ‘edited’ marker: 14 of 63 posts held from the last 30 days (22.2%) carried it when this register last read them. The marker says a post was changed after publishing, not what it said before — this register holds the earlier wording only where an edit fell between two of its own reads (see the edit ledger and how it is measured).
🔴عربستان سعودی در باتلاق؛انصارالله چگونه دست برتر را از آن خود کرد؟ 🔹در این گفتوگو حسین افراخته، کارشناس مسائل یمن از یک پرسش ساده شروع میکند و آن اینکه چرا یمن مهم است؟ او با مروری بر تاریخ این کشور از امامان زیدی و وحدت دو یمن تا انقلاب ۲۰۱۴ و تجاوز هشتساله، نشان میدهد که اهمیت یمن امروز بیش از هر زمان دیگری است و این کشور دیگر بازیگری در حاشیه صحنه نیست، بلکه به تعبیر او یک «بازیگر معادلهساز» در سطح منطقه و …
👍2
🔴 پول نفت عراق به این ساختمان در واشنگتن منتقل میشود! 🔹شهاب نورانیفر،کارشناس مسائل عراق در گفتوگو با رسانه تبیینی نجم:درآمد حاصل از فروش نفت عراق، به دولت عراق و بانک مرکزی این کشور نمیرسد، بلکه به «فدرال رزرو»(بانک مرکزی آمریکا) که مقر اصلی آن در واشنگتن است،میرسد. فدرال رزرو بخشی از درآمد نفتی عراق را به صورت ماهانه در قالب محمولههایی از دلار را به عراق برمیگرداند. 🔹آمریکا از این سازوکار به عنوان یک اهرم …
👌2❤1
🔴برآوردها نشان میدهد که احتمال پیروزی دموکراتها در هر دو مجلس بالا است 🎙محمدمهدی عباسی؛ کارشناس مسائل آمریکا 🔹کمتر از ۲۴ ساعت تا انتخابات میاندورهای آمریکا باقی مانده است.در بازار نظرسنجیها،دموکراتها همچنان پیشتازی خود را حفظ کردهاند و حتی میتوان گفت در برخی از ایالتهای رقابتی، پیشتازی آنها جدیتر شده است. 🔹آخرین برآورد شبکه "سیانان" که دو روز مانده به انتخابات منتشر شد و عملاً پیشبینی نهایی محسوب می…
🔴یکی از عوامل گرانی نفت در بازار جهانی، مجاهدت یمنیهاست 🔹حسین افراخته،کارشناس مسائل یمن در گفتوگو با رسانه تبیینی نجم: عربستان به عنوان بزرگترین تولیدکننده نفت منطقه و یکی از پنج تولیدکننده بزرگ نفت در دنیا است. امروز این تأسیسات متعدد و متکثر که در کل جغرافیای عربستان پراکنده شده، زیر ضربه است. 🔹میبینیم که آن اتفاق مهمی که ماه گذشته رقم خورد،این بود که خط لوله شرق به غرب و چند ایستگاه پمپاژ زیر ضربه رفت و به …
❤2😭1
🔴جایگاه ایران در سیاست خارجی چین کجاست؟ 🎙غیاثالدین رحیمی؛ کارشناس مسائل شرق آسیا 🔹چین رابطهای دو جانبه و بسیار مهم با آمریکا دارد؛ در این رابطه، تأثیر سایر کشورها بر تعامل چین و آمریکا بسیار کم است. در مقابل، چین به روابط با همسایگان خود نیز اهمیت حیاتی میدهد، زیرا بخش عمدهای از رقابتش با آمریکا در همین حوزه (بهویژه در منطقه اقیانوس آرام با کشورهایی نظیر ژاپن، کره جنوبی، فیلیپین و تایوان) جریان دارد. 🔹برخلاف …
❤1👍1
🔴ناگفتههایی از پاسخ رهبر انصارالله به پیام ویژه رژیم صهیونیستی 🔹حسین افراخته،کارشناس مسائل یمن در گفتوگو با رسانه تبیینی نجم: تقریبا دو هفته پس از عملیات طوفان الاقصی،خبر آمد که از یمن، موشکی به سمت سرزمینهای اشغالشده شلیک شده است. 🔹من از بزرگوارانی که در آن مقطع در یمن حضور داشتند شنیدم که واسطهای از سوی رژیم صهیونیستی به رهبر انصارالله پیام داد که: "اگر شما ادامه دهید، ما صنعا را با خاک یکسان میکنیم"؛ ایشا…
👌2❤1
🔴مروری بر تاریخچه لبنان، از جنگ داخلی تا شکلگیری حزبالله 🔹در این گفتوگو محمدحسین امیدی کارشناس مسائل لبنان، تاریخ لبنان را از جغرافیا و پیشینهی فنیقیها و دوره هخامنشیان تا شکلگیری کشور لبنان در سال 1920 و استقلال آن بررسی میکند. 🎙 نسخه صوتی منتشر شد رسانه تبیینی نجم👇🏻 @naajm_ir
❤3👍1
🔴 عربستان سعودی در یک دوراهی قرار گرفته که هر دو مسیرش باخت است 🔹حسین افراخته،کارشناس مسائل یمن در گفتوگو با رسانه تبیینی نجم: اگر عربستان سعودی به خواستههای مقاومت یمن تن بدهد، دیگر در این منطقه نمیتواند سر بلند کند و این مسئله، برای سعودی تبعات راهبردی در پی دارد. 🔹 یکی از تبعات تن دادن عربستان به خواستههای انصارالله یمن، این است که میتواند تبدیل به یک الگو شود، هم برای یمنیها و هم برای بازیگران منطقهای، …
❤4👍2
🔴چرا "یمن" مهم است؟! 🔹در این گفتوگو ایمان محمدی، کارشناس مسائل یمن،در پاسخ به این پرسش که چرا باید به کشوری مثل یمن توجه کرد، پیشینه تاریخی و تمدنی یمن و جایگاه آن در منطقه و جهان را بررسی میکند. 🎙 نسخه صوتی منتشر شد رسانه تبیینی نجم👇🏻 @naajm_ir
❤3👌1
🔴چرا "یمن" مهم است؟! 🔹در این گفتوگو ایمان محمدی، کارشناس مسائل یمن،در پاسخ به این پرسش که چرا باید به کشوری مثل یمن توجه کرد، پیشینه تاریخی و تمدنی یمن و جایگاه آن در منطقه و جهان را بررسی میکند. 📹 فیلم کامل گفتوگو منتشر شد 🔹شاهرگ اینترنت جهان در مُشت انصارالله یمن؛ماجرای غرقشدن کشتی انگلیسی و آسیب دیدن کابلهای اینترنت 🔹آیا میدانستید منطقه منهتن در نیویورک با الگوی منطقه شِبام در یمن ساخته شده است؟ 🔹دلیل اه…
❤2🙏1
🔴آیا میدانستید منطقه منهتن در نیویورک با الگوی منطقه شِبام در یمن ساخته شده است؟ 🔹ایمان محمدی،کارشناس مسائل یمن در گفتوگو با رسانه تبیینی نجم:در حضرموت در یمن، منطقهای به نام شِبام وجود دارد. این منطقه یکبار به دلیل وقوع سیل از بین رفت؛ اهالی این منطقه در حدود ۷۰۰ سال پیش برای اینکه منازل خود را در مقابل سیل ایمن کنند،ساختمانهای طبقاتی با کوچههای نیممتری درست کردند. 🔹در رسانهها منطقه منهتن در نیویورک آمریکا …
❤2🙏1
Showing the 12 most recent of 183 posts we hold for @naajm_ir. View and reaction counts are the latest single reading for each post, not a live figure, and a recent post is still accumulating both. A view count marked ≈ was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints views in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈1,200,000 means somewhere between 1,150,000 and 1,249,999. Unmarked counts are exact. Text is reproduced from the public post preview and truncated for length.
Posts edited after publishing
@naajm_ir edited 4 posts after it first published — the same permalink now carries different wording than the one this register originally read, caught because our own crawl held a copy of the earlier text.
An edit is not deception. Typo fixes, price updates and corrections look exactly like this too — this register can tell you the wording changed and when, not why. How this is measured.
- First edit seen
- 6 October 2026
- Most recent edit
- 30 October 2026
Forward network
Republished by
Channels on the register that have forwarded this channel's posts into their own feed.
@kriyaassess · 21,9898 postsاثر | محمد رستمپور
@asar1398 · 7025 postsکانال خبری تحلیلی فتن
@fetan · 25,4793 postsآوانگارد | Avangard
@Avangard1978 · 2991 postبیداری ملت
@bidariimelat · 135,0281 postLIBANIRAN
@libaniran · 7,6191 postمطالعات یمن
@yemenstudies_ir · 7,4261 post
Built only from forwarded posts we have actually read, on both sides. Coverage is early and deliberately incomplete: a missing link means we have not read the post that would prove it, never that the relationship does not exist. Counts are distinct forwarded posts observed, so they only ever go up as we read more.
Mentions
Named by 8 registered channels — every channel on the register whose own posts have named this one, by its current username or any other username it currently holds, merged from two separately captured readings of the same fact so a namer caught by only one of them is not missed and a namer both caught is not counted twice. A username this channel has since dropped is not matched — that handle may belong to someone else now, and crediting today’s namer to yesterday’s owner would misattribute it.
Named by
Channels on the register whose posts name this channel's handle.
@kriyaassess · 21,98911 postsاثر | محمد رستمپور
@asar1398 · 7025 postsکانال خبری تحلیلی فتن
@fetan · 25,4793 postsLIBANIRAN
@libaniran · 7,6192 postsخبرفوری
@akhbarefori · 4,462,2191 postآوانگارد | Avangard
@Avangard1978 · 2991 postبیداری ملت
@bidariimelat · 135,0281 postمطالعات یمن
@yemenstudies_ir · 7,4261 post
A mention is a weaker signal than a forward and is counted separately for that reason — naming a channel is not republishing it, and a handle in a post body is easy to place deliberately. The post counts beside each row below are distinct posts in which the handle appeared, from posts we have read on both sides — the “Named by N registered channels” figure above is a different count, of distinct NAMING CHANNELS rather than posts, and is not the sum of the rows under it.
Channels Telegram recommends alongside this one
Telegram’s own answer, not this register’s. When this register asks Telegram’s API what is similar to this channel, this is the list it returns, in the exact order Telegram returns it — never re-sorted by subscribers or by anything else this register measures. The relationship, and the order, are Telegram’s; we record them and date them, and make no claim of our own about which of these channels actually resemble this one.
@bidariimelat · 135,028#1
@akhbarefori · 4,462,219#2
@farsna · 1,701,498#3
@jahantasnim · 12,925#4
@alnujaba · 12,338#5
@bisimchimedia · 1,035,820#6
@alalamfa · 16,363#7
@saberin_ir · 1,041,966#8
@Tasnimnews · 2,499,151#9
@syriankhabar · 89,615#10
@akhbarJM · 417#11
@mhrezaa2 · 39,735#12
@m_Mahdibaba · 138,679#13
@farhikhteganonline · 105,336#14
@mehrnews · 327,784#15
@AjaNews_persian · 21,631#16
@entqam_sakht · 9,520#17
@FarsNewsInt · 41,721#18
@snntv · 140,435#19
@kayhan_online · 6,543#20
@sepah_quds · 407,264#21
@charik_media · 65,449#22
@irna_1313 · 137,211#23
@rajanews_com · 70,854#24
@Nournews_ir · 225,442#25
@fetan · 25,479#26
@kriyaassess · 21,989#27
@yjcnewschannel · 117,610#28
@isna94 · 123,701#29
@mutaliatazerb · 9,063#30
@moghavemat_14 · 7,423#31
@isnaworld · 4,340#32
@Mohallell · 25,309#33
@masaf · 188,083#34
@athar_ch1 · 6,268#35
@AkharinTwiit · 51,574#36
@final_battle313 · 69,743#37
@arzeshkade · 2,715#38
@roshangari_ir · 36,329#39
@felestin_news · 1,206#40
@mojahedin_iran · 28,385#41
@JENewspaper · 6,821#42
@nabjahadiii · 52,344#43
@Tahavolatemantaghe · 53,316#44
@iswnews · 15,206#45
@hossein_pak69 · 10,793#46
@khamenei_irnews · 397,870#47
@Ansaroollah · 26,126#48
@fars_plus · 31,383#49
@mashreghnews_channel · 49,382#50
@jahaannews1 · 4,478#51
@SyrianToPersian · 38,824#52
@QasemMedia · 30,042#53
@taghaviniaa · 24,460#54
@mrtahlilgar · 92,419#55
@worldwar3ir · 39,824#56
@resanedameshgh · 2,531#57
@jamarannews · 83,762#58
@felestin_jonubi · 11,718#59
@Alarabiya_far · 81,589#60
@iribnews · 58,304#61
@Icana · 12,207#62
@balestiknews · 21,486#63
@afsaran_ir · 183,210#64
@pishgamiran · 9,651#65
@alef_news · 37,252#66
@Palestine_Lebanon_studies · 2,803#67
@sepah_qudse · 59,884#68
@IMANImohamad51 · 2,729#69
@pakstudy · 2,651#70
@Haazer_javab1 · 4,496#71
@asrtv_com · 9,936#72
@ghalibaffan · 12,997#73
@tahavolatworld · 56,938#74
@shafaqna_farsi · 103,579#75
@radar_enghelab · 29,070#76
@jaykhas · 25,820#77
@sh_almoqawamma · 22,724#78
@ofogh_tv · 7,104#79
@makshufat · 23,804#80
@EtemadOnline · 37,625#81
@Hidcunim_news · 24,334#82
@kohnegy · 257#83
@irnaimages · 1,791#84
@Ar_Rad_info · 24,947#85
@Toofan_Alaqsa · 458#86
@HasanHurrami · 2,053#87
@Yedinaya_Umma · 196#88
@Huseyniyyun_Az · 2,571#89
@shabanov_im · 248#90
@imam_edu_center · 1,268#91
@iran_dagilajax · 2,016#92
Read from Telegram’s recommendation API, most recently 28 August 2026. Telegram holds a list like this for a small and growing share of the register — how this is measured, and why most channel pages show nothing here.
Appears in Telegram’s recommendations for other channels
The reverse of the list above, and a different kind of signal. This does not require this channel to have ever been asked about directly — each row below is a channel we DID ask Telegram about, whose Telegram-generated list happened to include this one. A channel can appear here with an empty list above it, because being named by someone else’s query is independent of having been queried itself.
@mosbateham · 65,488
Telegram ranks this channel #22 of 68 here — alongside 67 others — read 26 September 2026
@sh_almoqawamma · 22,724
Telegram ranks this channel #29 of 87 here — alongside 86 others — read 15 September 2026
@iran_emrooz · 19,133
Telegram ranks this channel #68 of 82 here — alongside 81 others — read 1 October 2026
@bidariimelat · 135,028
Telegram ranks this channel #69 of 97 here — alongside 96 others — read 12 August 2026
@sepah_qudse · 59,884
Telegram ranks this channel #77 of 89 here — alongside 88 others — read 22 August 2026
This channel appears in 5 seed channels' Telegram-generated recommendation lists in total. Each is Telegram’s list for THAT channel, not this one — see how this is measured.
Cite this entry
A live page changes as we take new readings, so a citation should name the measurement it is based on, not just the URL. The line below cites the subscriber count as measured 6 November 2026 — this entry's latest reading, not the date you are reading this.
“رسانه تبیینی نجم” (@naajm_ir), 24,897 subscribers as measured 6 November 2026. Telegram Register, tgregister.com/channel/naajm_ir.
Full measurement history, CC BY 4.0. Every reading this register holds for this entry, not just the latest one, as a dated, downloadable record: CSV · JSON. Free to use with attribution to tgregister.com. Each file carries its own generation timestamp, which is the figure to cite for exactly when the data was retrieved.