Telegram RegisterThe public register of Telegram
Telegram profile photo for تهرونیا

Channel

تهرونیا

@tehronia

On this record: Topic · Growth · Engagement · What this channel posts · Reactions · Posts · Posts recorded as deleted · Citations · Handles named that no longer answer · Telegram's recommendations · Cite this entry

81,620subscribers

-12,002 since we began measuring on 6 August 2026

Risers and fallers across the register · movement among entries of 31,623–100,000.

Register entry

Telegram ID-1001004959493
TypeChannel
Username@tehronia
CreatedBetween 1 September 2015 and 31 December 2015 — estimated from Telegram’s id allocation, not measured. How this range is calculated.
First recorded6 August 2026
Last confirmed live6 November 2026
Measurements held61
Confirmed unchanged1 time, most recently 6 November 2026
On Telegramt.me/tehronia

Topic

Memes & entertainment — a classification, not a measurement. An on-box language model (Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-UD-Q6_K_XL, prompt version 1) read this channel’s own recent posts on 20 August 2026 and assigned it the closest of 31 fixed categories, at 81% confidence. This is a model’s judgement about what the channel is likely to be about, not a fact this register measured the way a subscriber count or a view count is measured — it can be revised on a later pass, and it carries no weight anywhere else on this page. How this classification works, and the other topics.

Growth

81,62093,62287,6216 August 20266 November 2026
61 measurements spanning 92 days, net -12,002. Dots are measurements; the straight line between them is drawn to join them, not to claim we know the path taken in between — snapshots are recorded only when a count changes, so gaps mean “no change observed”, never “interpolated”. The vertical axis spans 79,820–95,422 and does not start at zero.
Measurement log — every subscribers count we have recorded, most recent 20 of 61
Measured (UTC)SubscribersChange
6 Nov 2026, 07:3981,620-42
5 Nov 2026, 04:0181,662-8
4 Nov 2026, 06:3981,670-15
3 Nov 2026, 08:5681,685-25
2 Nov 2026, 08:4681,710-9
1 Nov 2026, 10:3981,719-36
31 Oct 2026, 09:3081,755-31
30 Oct 2026, 12:5081,786-47
29 Oct 2026, 11:3681,833-39
28 Oct 2026, 13:4581,872-31
27 Oct 2026, 14:1781,903-22
26 Oct 2026, 12:3981,925-28
25 Oct 2026, 13:2681,953-29
24 Oct 2026, 13:0581,982-30
23 Oct 2026, 14:2782,012-40
22 Oct 2026, 12:0682,052-47
21 Oct 2026, 03:2882,099-29
19 Oct 2026, 22:1582,128-41
18 Oct 2026, 19:4782,169-29
17 Oct 2026, 22:3682,198first reading

Engagement

1,800 posts held, back to 5 August 2026 — the reader has not yet reached the start of this channel’s public history, so older posts may sit further back, unread. Read across 187 pages of Telegram’s post history, 20 posts per page.

ERR · 30 days
16.5%
avg views ÷ 81,620 subscribers
Avg views / post
13,400
638 posts measured
Reaction rate
0.35%
reactions ÷ views · ER floor
Posts in window
638
of 1,800 held

ERR is average views per post over the last 30 days divided by subscribers, the definition TGStat uses, so this figure is comparable with the one you will see elsewhere. It falls structurally as a channel grows: a high ERR on a small channel and a low one on a large channel describe reach mathematics, not quality. We publish the figure and the sample it came from and pass no verdict on it.

ER is defined industry-wide as (forwards + reactions + comments) ÷ views — note the denominator is views, not subscribers. Telegram’s public web preview carries views and reactions but not forward or comment counts, so the reaction rate above is the reactions term only and is therefore a floor: the true ER for this channel is higher by an amount we have not measured and will not estimate. It is computed over the 635 of 638 measured posts that carry a reaction reading, and over those same posts' views.

What these figures were computed from
WindowRolling 30 days · latest post in window 6 November 2026
Posts held1,800 (5 August 2026 – 6 November 2026)
Views total8,568,970
Reactions total29,832
Forwards / commentsnot exposed by the public surface — not measured, not estimated
Readings taken6 Nov 2026, 07:01 UTC

Views are a single reading per post, taken at the time above. A post published in the last day or two is still accumulating views, which pulls the 30-day average down slightly. That is a property of the standard definition rather than a fault in it, so we keep the definition rather than “correcting” the number into something nobody can reproduce.

Precision. Telegram publishes view counts on its public widget in short form — 8.12K, 3.7M — so any reading at or above 1,000 reaches us rounded to three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. Averages and rates derived from them are shown to the same precision rather than to the unit: a figure like 3,701,250 would assert digits nobody measured.

Reaction counts are published per emoji and rounded the same way, so a total below 1,000 is exact and a larger one is a sum that may carry a rounded component from each emoji above 1,000. Because it is a sum, it does not look rounded — read a large reaction total as three significant figures per contributing emoji rather than as the figure it prints.

What this channel posts

Video runtime
4h 38m
Average length
37s

Measured directly from 453 videos with a duration reading, out of the posts we hold for this channel — not this channel’s whole posting history, only the sample this register has actually read. An exact reading to the second, taken from the post itself rather than from Telegram’s own rounded chrome, so it carries no ≈ mark.

Reaction mix

46,514 reactions across 994 posts, in 15 distinct kinds. The most used accounts for 31.4% of them.

Every reaction kind recorded on the sample, most used first
ReactionCountShareShare, drawn
❤14,62031.4%
🤣6,38813.7%
👍4,82710.4%
👎3,8478.27%
😢3,5907.72%
😁3,3617.23%
🥰2,7315.87%
😱2,3665.09%
👏2,0194.34%
🤯1,2512.69%
🤔8511.83%
🕊3180.684%
🔥2940.632%
🎉260.056%
🏆250.054%

No sentiment is inferred, and none should be read in. This table is ordered by count and by nothing else. Emoji do not carry stable meaning across languages or communities — 🙏 is thanks in one channel and mourning in another — so we publish which ones were pressed and how often, and pass no judgement on what an audience meant by them.

Precision. Telegram publishes reaction counts per emoji and short-forms each one — 4.34K, 1.2M — so any single kind at or above 1,000 reaches us at three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. The shares above are ratios of those figures and carry the same error. This is also why the total here can differ slightly from a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page: both are sums of the same rounded parts, taken over samples with different edges.

Coverage. Reactions were read on 996 of the 1,000 sampled posts in this sample. Summed by Telegram’s own count on each post — not by adding up the per-emoji breakdown above — those same posts carry 46,514 reactions in total: the kind of figure the paragraph above means by “a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page”.

Measured over the 1,000 most recent posts we hold (the sample is capped at 1,000), published 19 September 2026 to 6 November 2026, using the newest reading held for each. Telegram Stars are excluded: they are a payment, not a reaction, and they have their own section.

Recent posts

Telegram’s own ‘edited’ marker: 8 of 638 posts held from the last 30 days (1.25%) carried it when this register last read them. The marker says a post was changed after publishing, not what it said before — this register holds the earlier wording only where an edit fell between two of its own reads (see the edit ledger and how it is measured).

6 Nov 2026, 06:44 UTC≈4,260 views5 reactionsread 6 November 2026
Video

حمله عمدی به وکیل دادگستری! متاسفانه روز گذشته در مقابل مجتمع قضایی خانواده ولنجک، یک وکیل دادگستری پس از پایان جلسه رسیدگی، هدف حمله عمدی با خودرو قرار گرفت و راننده پس از زیر گرفتن او، متواری شد. یکی از مهم‌ترین سختی‌های حرفه‌ی وکالت تهدیدات امنیتی نسبت به وکلا در کشورمان است. @tehronia

😱5

6 Nov 2026, 05:59 UTC≈11,000 views13 reactionsread 6 November 2026
Photo

عصر طوفانی چیتگر زیر بارش سیل‌آسا و رعدوبرق دیشب ... @tehronia

❤13

6 Nov 2026, 05:39 UTC≈11,800 views6 reactionsread 6 November 2026
Video

صبح بخیر ♥️ @tehronia

❤6

5 Nov 2026, 20:14 UTC≈14,900 views8 reactionsread 6 November 2026
Photo

🔹 بازگشت دکتر سید طاها محمدی به تلگرام🔹 دلار تا کجا بالا میره؟ طلا بخریم یا صبر کنیم؟ آینده بازار کریپتو چیه؟ دکتر محمدی بعد از چند ماه وقفه دوباره فعالیت خودش رو شروع کرده و تحلیل‌های جدید بازارهای مالی رو در کانال رسمی خودش منتشر میکنه. 📊تحلیل و پیش‌بینی قیمت دلار، طلا، سکه و ارزهای دیجیتال 🌍 بررسی اتفاقات اقتصادی، سیاسی و ژئوپلیتیکی و تأثیر اونها بر آینده بازارها 🎯 پیش‌بینی‌های عددی همراه با راهنمای عملی برای…

❤5👎2🤣1

5 Nov 2026, 20:00 UTC≈14,700 views75 reactionsread 6 November 2026
Photo

زن‌ها وقتی می‌میرند، گل می‌شوند این را از اعلامیه ترحیم فهمیدم... شب بخیر ♥️ @tehronia

❤43😢29😁3

5 Nov 2026, 19:34 UTC≈14,500 views37 reactionsread 6 November 2026
Photo

عاقبت من وقتی نتونستم قسط های خریدهای اینترنتیمو بدم @tehronia

😁28🥰5❤2😢2

5 Nov 2026, 18:58 UTC≈15,700 views43 reactionsread 6 November 2026

کشف ۹۰ کیلوگرم گوشت اسب و الاغ در قرچک / رستوران و قصابی متخلف پلمب شدند 🔹در جریان بازرسی‌های بهداشتی دامپزشکی در شهرستان قرچک، ۹۰ کیلوگرم گوشت مشکوک در یک رستوران و یک واحد قصابی کشف شد که پس از تأیید آزمایشگاهی مبنی بر تعلق گوشت‌ها به دام‌های تک‌سمی، هر دو واحد صنفی پلمب شدند. @tehronia

😱36🤯6❤1

5 Nov 2026, 18:31 UTC≈16,600 views61 reactionsread 6 November 2026
Video

نمیدونم این دو تا سر چی بحث میکنن، ولی من ندید طرف گربه هستم! @tehronia

🤣40🥰8😁7❤3👎2👍1

5 Nov 2026, 17:51 UTC≈15,300 views34 reactionsread 6 November 2026
Video

سهراب جان سپهری خوش می‌فرماید؛ چترها را باید بست ... زیر باران باید رفت 🍁🍂 @tehronia

❤34

5 Nov 2026, 17:31 UTC≈15,200 views32 reactionsread 6 November 2026

اختلال شدید، بی سابقه و قطعی ممتد اینترنت همراه در سراسر کشور و به خصوص تهران @tehronia

👍25❤2🔥2🤯2👎1

5 Nov 2026, 17:29 UTC≈16,100 views4 reactionsread 6 November 2026
Photo

یه صندلی برای همه کافیه؛ تو تا کی می‌خوای استثنا باشی؟ از دیابت و فشار خون تا بیماری‌های قلبی، چاقی می‌تونه سلامتت رو به خطر بندازه. باید تصمیم بگیری که وقت تغییره! ما در کلینیک ویهان تخصصی روی کاهش وزن کار می‌کنیم. ✔️از برنامه غذایی و اصلاح سبک زندگی ✔️تا درمان‌های جدید پزشکی مثل آمپول لاغری زیکورپا فرم رو کامل کن تا باهات تماس بگیریم و ببینیم چه روشی برای کاهش وزن تو مناسب‌تره: 🩺 رزرو مشاوره لاغری رایگان

❤3👍1

5 Nov 2026, 17:17 UTC≈16,700 views27 reactionsread 6 November 2026
Photo

پایان فرار قاتل طلافروش قرچک در کمتر از ۲۴ ساعت 🔹 پلیس قاتل را یک روز پس از جنایت دستگیر کرد و اموال سرقت‌شده را به خانواده مقتول بازگرداند. @tehronia

👏18❤9

Showing the 12 most recent of 1,800 posts we hold for @tehronia. View and reaction counts are the latest single reading for each post, not a live figure, and a recent post is still accumulating both. A view count marked ≈ was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints views in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈1,200,000 means somewhere between 1,150,000 and 1,249,999. Unmarked counts are exact. Text is reproduced from the public post preview and truncated for length.

Posts recorded as deleted after publishing

We recorded 1 post on @tehronia as deleted — posts this register held that were missing from the channel’s public page on two separate reads, taken from different network addresses at least an hour apart.

A deletion is not wrongdoing. This register can see that a post it held is no longer on the channel’s public page, and when — not why. Expired ad placements, reposts, rotating links and corrections all look the same. This is a count of recorded detections, not an exact total: it misses deletions we could not see, because only a post we held and later re-read inside the page can be seen to go, and it may include a small number of wrong records. How this is measured.

First seen missing
9 August 2026
Most recent seen missing
9 August 2026
Median time before seen missing
8.1 hours
Seen missing in the last 30 days
0

Forward network

Built only from forwarded posts we have actually read, on both sides. Coverage is early and deliberately incomplete: a missing link means we have not read the post that would prove it, never that the relationship does not exist. Counts are distinct forwarded posts observed, so they only ever go up as we read more.

Mentions

Named by 8 registered channels — every channel on the register whose own posts have named this one, by its current username or any other username it currently holds, merged from two separately captured readings of the same fact so a namer caught by only one of them is not missed and a namer both caught is not counted twice. A username this channel has since dropped is not matched — that handle may belong to someone else now, and crediting today’s namer to yesterday’s owner would misattribute it.

A mention is a weaker signal than a forward and is counted separately for that reason — naming a channel is not republishing it, and a handle in a post body is easy to place deliberately. The post counts beside each row below are distinct posts in which the handle appeared, from posts we have read on both sides — the “Named by N registered channels” figure above is a different count, of distinct NAMING CHANNELS rather than posts, and is not the sum of the rows under it.

Channels Telegram recommends alongside this one

Telegram’s own answer, not this register’s. When this register asks Telegram’s API what is similar to this channel, this is the list it returns, in the exact order Telegram returns it — never re-sorted by subscribers or by anything else this register measures. The relationship, and the order, are Telegram’s; we record them and date them, and make no claim of our own about which of these channels actually resemble this one.

کانال گیزمیز 💯
@gizmiztel · 918,141
#1
توییتی
@TweetyChannel · 824,489
#2
توییتر فارسی
@officialpersiatwiter · 569,131
#3
عآلیجناب
@Aalijnab · 335,569
#4
🇮‌🇷‌🇦‌🇳‌🇮‌🇦‌🇳‌
@akhbar_roz · 89,526
#5
گیلین
@gilin_gilin · 684,253
#6
کاف
@kafiha · 662,815
#7
کانال خبر ویژه 💯
@Khabare_vije · 1,177,523
#8
AFSHA news | افشا نیوز
@Afsha_News_iR · 127,688
#9
درتی کیدز
@Dirty_Kids · 193,914
#10
اخبار منتخب
@akhbar_montakhab · 531,564
#11
تلویزیون منوتو
@manototv · 373,611
#12
ایران خبر
@iranni_news · 528,659
#13
حوادث واقعی
@clipbad20 · 132,538
#14
منطقه آزاد
@aaazaaad · 94,978
#15
دهکده ایرانی
@tehroniaco · 1,243
#16
آقای خبر
@sirnews2 · 333,477
#17
اخبار فوری گِرونی
@geroni_news · 324,602
#18
ԼαԼαԼαɴƊ™
@LaLaLandTm1 · 222,356
#19
میدانستی ؟
@midanesti · 316,828
#20
طلا خودرو
@nerkh_foris · 159,529
#21
Top Persian ✅
@top_p · 43,780
#22
اخبارفوری ومهم 🔖
@akhbare_moheem · 519,674
#23
Fars News | فارس نیوز
@Farse_news1 · 132,858
#24
ایران تایمز
@IR_Times7 · 25,939
#25
چاهنامه
@Chahnameh · 3,832
#26
عَبدُل‌ آباد
@AbdolAbadTel · 35,642
#27
😄 خنده آباد 😄
@khandehabadd · 105,297
#28
ناب کوییز | Nab Queiz
@NABQUElZ · 12,073
#29
SokSok
@soksok · 2,736
#30
جالب
@Jaleb · 225,886
#31
بی تعارف
@Bii_Taarof · 17,541
#32
روشنفکران
@Roshanfkrane · 56,978
#33
شهید خامنه‌ای
@shahidKhameneii · 5,386
#34
مرکز بهداشت کشوری
@Behdasht_iran · 54,898
#35
PERSIAN LOVE
@Persian_lover · 15,633
#36
حاشیه پلاس
@hashiyee_plus · 5,145
#37
رادیو اقتصاد💯
@radioegtesad · 182,370
#38
توییتر فارسی
@OfficialPersia_Twitter · 70,223
#39
خبر از ما🔖
@newspaaper · 86,259
#40
اخبار خودرو
@Khodroe_akhbar · 81,899
#41
𝐄𝐟𝐬𝐡𝐚 𝐧𝐞𝐰𝐬 📢
@EfshanewsTv · 11,550
#42
پاتوق
@patogh · 10,808
#43
[ بیشُعوری ]
@Bishouri · 18,249
#44
☕کاپوچینو پلاس | Cappuccino plus☕
@cappuccino_plus · 14,402
#45
عجایب تاریخ
@ancientir · 32,585
#46
مُستَمَرآزاد
@MostamarAzad · 35,822
#47
صدای تهران
@sedaye_tehrann · 4,798
#48
😛 کلاغ‌پر 😛
@kalaghpar · 2,996
#49
خبرفوری
@akhbarefori · 4,380,932
#50
کانال هواداری سرخ
@Havadari_soorkh · 351,979
#51
دانشــ🎓ــجو
@Daneshjoo · 359,681
#52
کافه بهترین ♨️
@cafebehtarin · 65,829
#53
DashgNEWS
@DashgNEWS · 122,826
#54
Radio Relax
@RadiioRelax · 130,447
#55
بادمجون
@bademjun · 75,309
#56
اخبار،دلار،سکه،خودرو
@Dollartala1 · 487,277
#57
مجله پزشکی
@majalepezeshki · 506,321
#58
Comedi | رسانه کمدی
@Comedi · 98,295
#59
گوزپلنگ
@guzpalangi · 48,307
#60
بهداشت جهانی
@woorld_he · 76,818
#61
🌏 عجایب جهان 🌏
@Ajayebe_jahann · 152,364 (as read 17 August 2026)
#62
عصر تاریخ
@AsrTarikh · 68,349
#63
ژن خوب
@zhenekhoub · 67,076
#64
😍کانال شادی😂
@channeleshadi · 69,800
#65
توییتی 🤣🤣
@TweetyChaannel · 13,261
#66
HajiLand | حاجی لند
@Haji_Land2 · 42,966
#67
🕺بیا با هم برقصیم💃
@ragss_dance2 · 8,275
#68
خنده پاره
@khandepare · 67,767
#69
technology | تکنولوژی
@Technology_complex · 1,762
#70
لُس آنجلس
@Los_Anjeles56 · 105,790
#71
⚀اخبار مهم و فوری
@mihanweather · 2,034
#72
😂 جَـــــفَـــر مَــــفَــــر 😂
@jafar_mafar · 25,376
#73
قزوین آباد
@qazvin_abad · 105,550
#74
کلاس خنده
@Class_Khande · 11,268
#75
فوتبالیچ
@FutBallich · 12,640
#76
کلیپ سمی:))
@ClipSamii · 12,314
#77
جوک‌ وحشی
@jookvahshi · 2,583
#78
کاریابی عراق
@UFOcity · 12,839
#79
OK
@Ok_Bitcoin · 103,714
#80

Read from Telegram’s recommendation API, most recently 17 August 2026. Telegram holds a list like this for a small and growing share of the register — how this is measured, and why most channel pages show nothing here.

Appears in Telegram’s recommendations for other channels

The reverse of the list above, and a different kind of signal. This does not require this channel to have ever been asked about directly — each row below is a channel we DID ask Telegram about, whose Telegram-generated list happened to include this one. A channel can appear here with an empty list above it, because being named by someone else’s query is independent of having been queried itself.

عجایب دنیا
@Ajayeb_Doniya · 19,826
Telegram ranks this channel #6 of 64 here — alongside 63 others — read 29 September 2026
🇮‌🇷‌🇦‌🇳‌🇮‌🇦‌🇳‌
@akhbar_roz · 89,526
Telegram ranks this channel #6 of 90 here — alongside 89 others — read 16 August 2026
آشپزی سانازسانيا
@sanazsaniaofficial · 20,878
Telegram ranks this channel #9 of 47 here — alongside 46 others — read 25 September 2026
عَبدُل‌ آباد
@AbdolAbadTel · 35,642
Telegram ranks this channel #10 of 76 here — alongside 75 others — read 1 September 2026
عجایب تاریخ
@ancientir · 32,585
Telegram ranks this channel #11 of 72 here — alongside 71 others — read 3 September 2026
Top Persian ✅
@top_p · 43,780
Telegram ranks this channel #12 of 78 here — alongside 77 others — read 28 August 2026
مرکز بهداشت کشوری
@Behdasht_iran · 54,898
Telegram ranks this channel #14 of 78 here — alongside 77 others — read 23 August 2026
تلخند سیاسی
@TalkhandeSiyasi · 101,073
Telegram ranks this channel #15 of 68 here — alongside 67 others — read 11 August 2026
™ لذت آشپزی تغذیه و سلامت🍕
@lezat_ashpazi · 37,141
Telegram ranks this channel #16 of 67 here — alongside 66 others — read 31 August 2026
مُستَمَرآزاد
@MostamarAzad · 35,822
Telegram ranks this channel #18 of 77 here — alongside 76 others — read 1 September 2026
😄 خنده آباد 😄
@khandehabadd · 105,297
Telegram ranks this channel #18 of 81 here — alongside 80 others — read 15 August 2026
ایران تایمز
@IR_Times7 · 25,939
Telegram ranks this channel #25 of 77 here — alongside 76 others — read 13 September 2026
IRFILMIRAN
@IR_filMiRaN · 31,121
Telegram ranks this channel #26 of 38 here — alongside 37 others — read 5 September 2026
🍃💞حس"زیبا"💞🍃
@hesseziba33 · 24,159
Telegram ranks this channel #27 of 67 here — alongside 66 others — read 16 September 2026
دانستنی | 😱عجیب😱
@danstany_ajib · 26,292
Telegram ranks this channel #29 of 63 here — alongside 62 others — read 12 September 2026
جهان تاریخی
@Worlddax · 61,531
Telegram ranks this channel #30 of 82 here — alongside 81 others — read 21 August 2026
بهداشت جهانی
@woorld_he · 76,818
Telegram ranks this channel #31 of 81 here — alongside 80 others — read 19 August 2026
◁آخریــن خبـــرها▷
@cronakhabar · 81,290
Telegram ranks this channel #33 of 79 here — alongside 78 others — read 18 August 2026
لُس آنجلس
@Los_Anjeles56 · 105,790
Telegram ranks this channel #34 of 66 here — alongside 65 others — read 19 August 2026
دکتر سلامت
@salamat_21 · 38,368
Telegram ranks this channel #37 of 58 here — alongside 57 others — read 31 August 2026
روشنفکران
@Roshanfkrane · 56,978
Telegram ranks this channel #37 of 93 here — alongside 92 others — read 24 August 2026
رادیو اقتصاد💯
@radioegtesad · 182,370
Telegram ranks this channel #37 of 75 here — alongside 74 others — read 11 August 2026
دانستنی ها
@Dansstaniha · 109,728
Telegram ranks this channel #38 of 86 here — alongside 85 others — read 14 August 2026
توییتر فارسی
@OfficialPersia_Twitter · 70,223
Telegram ranks this channel #39 of 85 here — alongside 84 others — read 11 August 2026

This channel appears in 43 seed channels' Telegram-generated recommendation lists in total, of which the 24 where it ranks highest are shown above. Each is Telegram’s list for THAT channel, not this one — see how this is measured.

Cite this entry

A live page changes as we take new readings, so a citation should name the measurement it is based on, not just the URL. The line below cites the subscriber count as measured 6 November 2026 — this entry's latest reading, not the date you are reading this.

“تهرونیا” (@tehronia), 81,620 subscribers as measured 6 November 2026. Telegram Register, tgregister.com/channel/tehronia.

Full measurement history, CC BY 4.0. Every reading this register holds for this entry, not just the latest one, as a dated, downloadable record: CSV · JSON. Free to use with attribution to tgregister.com. Each file carries its own generation timestamp, which is the figure to cite for exactly when the data was retrieved.