Telegram RegisterThe public register of Telegram
Telegram profile photo for ESPN FC

Channel

ESPN FC

@Espnfc_news

2 usernames

On this record: Topic · Growth · Engagement · What this channel posts · Reactions · Posts · Polls · Citations · Telegram's recommendations · Domains linked from posts · Cite this entry

61,881subscribers

-592 since we began measuring on 5 August 2026

Risers and fallers across the register · movement among entries of 31,623–100,000.

Register entry

Telegram ID-1001601713192
TypeChannel
Usernames@Espnfc_news @footballnews
DescriptionCovering Football Around The World⚽️🌎 Ads: @Source_Ads, https://telega.io/c/Espnfc_news Admin: @charles_de_gaulle *Unofficial. No copyright intended.
CreatedBetween 1 December 2021 and 31 March 2023 — estimated from Telegram’s id allocation, not measured. How this range is calculated.
First recorded6 August 2026
Last confirmed live18 September 2026
Measurements held67
Confirmed unchanged1 time, most recently 18 September 2026
On Telegramt.me/Espnfc_news

Topic

Sports — a classification, not a measurement. An on-box language model (Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-UD-Q6_K_XL, prompt version 1) read this channel’s own recent posts on 20 August 2026 and assigned it the closest of 31 fixed categories, at 100% confidence. This is a model’s judgement about what the channel is likely to be about, not a fact this register measured the way a subscriber count or a view count is measured — it can be revised on a later pass, and it carries no weight anywhere else on this page. How this classification works, and why it has no browse page of its own yet.

Growth

61,88162,47362,1775 August 202618 September 2026
67 measurements spanning 44 days, net -592. Dots are measurements; the straight line between them is drawn to join them, not to claim we know the path taken in between — snapshots are recorded only when a count changes, so gaps mean “no change observed”, never “interpolated”. The vertical axis spans 61,792–62,562 and does not start at zero.
Measurement log — every subscribers count we have recorded, most recent 20 of 67
Measured (UTC)SubscribersChange
18 Sept 2026, 18:1861,881-2
18 Sept 2026, 12:1661,883-53
16 Sept 2026, 12:1661,936-7
16 Sept 2026, 02:2061,943-53
14 Sept 2026, 18:0161,996-26
14 Sept 2026, 07:4162,022-47
13 Sept 2026, 01:0062,069-8
12 Sept 2026, 13:1862,077-33
11 Sept 2026, 00:1962,110-9
10 Sept 2026, 10:1662,119-57
8 Sept 2026, 00:5862,176-33
7 Sept 2026, 03:2162,209-49
4 Sept 2026, 23:1762,258-12
4 Sept 2026, 09:4162,270-15
3 Sept 2026, 09:0462,285-13
2 Sept 2026, 21:4562,298-1
2 Sept 2026, 03:2362,299-8
1 Sept 2026, 20:4862,307+55
1 Sept 2026, 04:2662,252+6
31 Aug 2026, 19:5462,246first reading

Engagement

465 posts held, back to 3 August 2026 — the reader has not yet reached the start of this channel’s public history, so older posts may sit further back, unread. Read across 106 pages of Telegram’s post history, 20 posts per page.

ERR · 30 days
9.06%
avg views ÷ 61,881 subscribers
Avg views / post
5,610
271 posts measured
Reaction rate
1.95%
reactions ÷ views · ER floor
Posts in window
271
of 465 held

ERR is average views per post over the last 30 days divided by subscribers, the definition TGStat uses, so this figure is comparable with the one you will see elsewhere. It falls structurally as a channel grows: a high ERR on a small channel and a low one on a large channel describe reach mathematics, not quality. We publish the figure and the sample it came from and pass no verdict on it.

ER is defined industry-wide as (forwards + reactions + comments) ÷ views — note the denominator is views, not subscribers. Telegram’s public web preview carries views and reactions but not forward or comment counts, so the reaction rate above is the reactions term only and is therefore a floor: the true ER for this channel is higher by an amount we have not measured and will not estimate.

What these figures were computed from
WindowRolling 30 days · latest post in window 25 September 2026
Posts held465 (3 August 2026 – 25 September 2026)
Views total1,519,850
Reactions total29,615
Forwards / commentsnot exposed by the public surface — not measured, not estimated
Readings taken25 Sept 2026, 16:01 UTC

Views are a single reading per post, taken at the time above. A post published in the last day or two is still accumulating views, which pulls the 30-day average down slightly. That is a property of the standard definition rather than a fault in it, so we keep the definition rather than “correcting” the number into something nobody can reproduce.

Precision. Telegram publishes view counts on its public widget in short form — 8.12K, 3.7M — so any reading at or above 1,000 reaches us rounded to three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. Averages and rates derived from them are shown to the same precision rather than to the unit: a figure like 3,701,250 would assert digits nobody measured.

Reaction counts are published per emoji and rounded the same way, so a total below 1,000 is exact and a larger one is a sum that may carry a rounded component from each emoji above 1,000. Because it is a sum, it does not look rounded — read a large reaction total as three significant figures per contributing emoji rather than as the figure it prints.

What this channel posts

Photos
≈16,600
Videos
≈4
Links
≈2,280

Lifetime counters from Telegram’s own channel header, read 25 September 2026 — not the date at the top of this page, which is when the subscriber count was last read. A count marked ≈ was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints these counters in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈142,000 means somewhere between 141,500 and 142,499.

Video runtime
1m 02s
Average length
31s

Measured directly from 2 videos with a duration reading, out of the posts we hold for this channel — not this channel’s whole posting history, only the sample this register has actually read. An exact reading to the second, taken from the post itself rather than from Telegram’s own rounded chrome, so it carries no ≈ mark.

Reaction mix

51,719 reactions across 458 posts, in 35 distinct kinds. The most used accounts for 48.0% of them.

Every reaction kind recorded on the sample, most used first
ReactionCountShareShare, drawn
❤24,82148.0%
👍17,72234.3%
🤣4,0967.92%
😁1,4562.82%
💔6951.34%
🔥6811.32%
🤩3930.76%
👎2430.47%
❤‍🔥1910.369%
👌1810.35%
😢1440.278%
🤡1210.234%
🏆890.172%
🤨820.159%
🤮780.151%
🥴780.151%
💯730.141%
🌚710.137%
⚡700.135%
🕊650.126%
15 further kinds3690.713%

No sentiment is inferred, and none should be read in. This table is ordered by count and by nothing else. Emoji do not carry stable meaning across languages or communities — 🙏 is thanks in one channel and mourning in another — so we publish which ones were pressed and how often, and pass no judgement on what an audience meant by them.

Precision. Telegram publishes reaction counts per emoji and short-forms each one — 4.34K, 1.2M — so any single kind at or above 1,000 reaches us at three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. The shares above are ratios of those figures and carry the same error. This is also why the total here can differ slightly from a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page: both are sums of the same rounded parts, taken over samples with different edges.

Coverage. Reactions were read on 465 of the 465 sampled posts in this sample. Summed by Telegram’s own count on each post — not by adding up the per-emoji breakdown above — those same posts carry 52,271 reactions in total: the kind of figure the paragraph above means by “a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page”.

Measured over the 465 most recent posts we hold, published 3 August 2026 to 25 September 2026, using the newest reading held for each. Telegram Stars are excluded: they are a payment, not a reaction, and they have their own section.

Recent posts

25 Sept 2026, 14:03 UTC≈1,280 views12 reactionsread 25 September 2026
Photo

@Erling_Haaland has scored in each of his last six appearances for club and country… 🤖⚽️ 😍 Register and deposit on 1win with this link and use SSBET1 promocode for 500% bonus on your first deposits!

👍9❤3

25 Sept 2026, 13:04 UTC≈1,870 views22 reactionsread 25 September 2026
Photo

Jurgen Klopp triggering a full German press with one hand 😳👏 😍 Register and deposit on 1win with this link and use SSBET1 promocode for 500% bonus on your first deposits!

❤19👍3

25 Sept 2026, 12:00 UTC≈2,220 views38 reactionsread 25 September 2026
Photo

Jürgen Klopp and Virgil van Dijk caught up after Germany vs. Netherlands 🫂 Klopp even making sure to grab his shirt 🥹 😍 Register and deposit on 1win with this link and use SSBET1 promocode for 500% bonus on your first deposits!

❤31👍7

25 Sept 2026, 09:00 UTC≈2,700 views2 reactionsread 25 September 2026
Photo

Found a crypto channel that’s actually worth following. 👀 These guys analyze the market and often anticipate the next move, giving you a chance to spot potential opportunities before the crowd does. Check them out → https://t.me/+qmz36FHBbT1kYzky

❤1👍1

25 Sept 2026, 08:01 UTC≈2,950 views53 reactionsread 25 September 2026
Photo

Jürgen Klopp's dugout expressions are back 💥✨ 😍 Register and deposit on 1win with this link and use SSBET1 promocode for 500% bonus on your first deposits!

🔥27❤19👍5👌2

24 Sept 2026, 19:05 UTC≈4,290 views46 reactionsread 25 September 2026
Photo

No player has a better dribbling success rate than Rio Ngumoha among players to attempt 25+ take-ons in the Premier League in 2026 👣 😍 Register and deposit on 1win with this link and use SSBET1 promocode for 500% bonus on your first deposits!

👍36❤10

24 Sept 2026, 18:24 UTC≈4,330 views72 reactionsread 25 September 2026
Photo

Fabian Ruiz on why he deserves the Ballon d'Or 🏆 “At the end of the day, everyone knows it, the titles I’ve been able to win this past season. Obviously, I’m the player who has won the most titles, but well, I’ll leave the campaigning to the others. Obviously, everyone likes to be recognized for the work we do. Well, I think that, in the end, it’s something nice to be recognized for all the work you’re doing and, w…

❤50😁14👍6🤣2

24 Sept 2026, 14:03 UTC≈4,560 views98 reactionsread 25 September 2026
Photo

Jurgen Klopp's smile when someone held up a Liverpool shirt for him to sign 🥹 Still so much love ❤️

❤82👍13🔥3

24 Sept 2026, 10:52 UTC≈4,760 views84 reactionsread 25 September 2026
Photo

@Cristiano Ronaldo has no plans on slowing down 😅

❤52👍17🥱10👌3🤡2

24 Sept 2026, 08:01 UTC≈4,770 views72 reactionsread 25 September 2026
Photo

LAST SEASON’S FINALISTS MEAN BUSINESS! 😮‍💨🔥 OL Lyonnes kick off their UWCL campaign by putting EIGHT past Servette! 🤯

❤57👍11🌚4

24 Sept 2026, 07:01 UTC≈4,580 views103 reactionsread 25 September 2026
Photo

CR7 with a powerful statement on the future of his Portugal career 👀

👍52🤣35❤11🤡3😱2

Showing the 12 most recent of 465 posts we hold for @Espnfc_news. View and reaction counts are the latest single reading for each post, not a live figure, and a recent post is still accumulating both. A view count marked ≈ was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints views in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈1,200,000 means somewhere between 1,150,000 and 1,249,999. Unmarked counts are exact. Text is reproduced from the public post preview and truncated for length.

Polls

The 2 polls we hold for this entry, as Telegram rendered them when we read the post. A poll’s figures keep moving after that, so each one is dated.

30 Aug 2026, 17:04 UTCAnonymous Quiz1,890 voters approx.

Ronaldo scored a famous bicycle kick against Juventus in 2018. Who was the Juventus goalkeeper?

  1. Wojciech Szczęsny20%
  2. Gianluigi Buffon78%
  3. Mattia Perin2%
  4. Neto0%

Shares as published. No per-option vote count is published by Telegram, so none is shown.

28 Aug 2026, 18:58 UTCAnonymous Quiz2,220 voters approx.

Which African country was the first to reach a FIFA World Cup semifinal?

  1. Ghana23%
  2. Cameroon9%
  3. Senegal7%
  4. Morocco62%

Shares as published, totalling 101%. No per-option vote count is published by Telegram, so none is shown.

Percentages only — there are no per-option vote counts here, because Telegram publishes none. The public post preview gives each option’s share and a single voter total, and nothing else. Multiplying one by the other would produce a per-option tally that looks measured and is not: the shares are rounded to whole numbers before we ever see them. We print what was published and leave the column that does not exist empty.

The shares need not add up to 100. Rounding alone puts many polls at 99 or 101. A poll that allows more than one answer per voter runs well past 100 by design, and several here do. The bars are drawn against a fixed 100% track at each option’s own percentage rather than normalised to the total, so a poll that exceeds it shows that it does instead of being quietly rescaled.

Read from the 465 most recent posts we hold, published 3 August 2026 to 25 September 2026. Telegram labels each poll by kind — an anonymous poll, a quiz, a closed set of final results — and that label is reproduced rather than paraphrased.

Mentions

Named by 9 registered channels — every channel on the register whose own posts have named this one, by its current username or any other username it currently holds, merged from two separately captured readings of the same fact so a namer caught by only one of them is not missed and a namer both caught is not counted twice. A username this channel has since dropped is not matched — that handle may belong to someone else now, and crediting today’s namer to yesterday’s owner would misattribute it.

A mention is a weaker signal than a forward and is counted separately for that reason — naming a channel is not republishing it, and a handle in a post body is easy to place deliberately. The post counts beside each row below are distinct posts in which the handle appeared, from posts we have read on both sides — the “Named by N registered channels” figure above is a different count, of distinct NAMING CHANNELS rather than posts, and is not the sum of the rows under it.

Channels Telegram recommends alongside this one

Telegram’s own answer, not this register’s. When this register asks Telegram’s API what is similar to this channel, this is the list it returns, in the exact order Telegram returns it — never re-sorted by subscribers or by anything else this register measures. The relationship, and the order, are Telegram’s; we record them and date them, and make no claim of our own about which of these channels actually resemble this one.

Troll Football
@Troll_Football_Telegram · 145,555
#1
Sky Sports Football
@Sky_sports_football_updates · 259,592
#2
B/R Football
@br_football_news · 79,736
#3
433
@Football433_uk · 69,349
#4
Premier League News
@Premier_League_News_TG · 261,764
#5
Official Fabrizio Romano
@FabrizioRomanoTG · 405,860
#6
Just Football
@jfball · 91,793
#7
SOFA SCORE ⚽️
@sofascore_uk · 56,159
#8
VETLAND SPORTS
@vetland_sports_football1 · 109,440
#9
English Premier League Update
@Premier_League_Update · 117,851
#10
Premier League
@premier_league_football_news · 87,484
#11
Football
@footballfactlys · 32,641
#12
Goal Sport™
@goal_sport_football · 39,848
#13
CHELSEA NEWS 🗞 🔵
@Chelsea_fc_worldwide · 94,756
#14
ESPN FOOTBALL
@Espn_Football_News_UK · 93,800
#15
Fabrizio Romano
@FabrizioRomano_uk · 72,554
#16
Real Madrid C.F.
@real_madrid · 112,837
#17
Here We Go Club
@herewegoclub · 84,076
#18
Football memes
@soccer_memes · 34,552
#19
Squawka Football
@squawka_football_news · 8,701
#20
Manchester United Central🔱🔴
@Manchester_UtdCentral · 123,966
#21
UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE
@uefa_champion_leaguee · 149,526
#22
Supersport CBS
@supersportcbs · 30,512
#23
Chelsea FC 🔵
@CFC_ChelseaFC · 137,376
#24
Arsenal
@arsenal_london · 144,671
#25
Manchester City FC
@manchester_city · 130,009
#26
Lionel Messi
@Messi_lionel_uk · 52,169
#27
REAL MADRID C.F.
@Realmadrid_world · 116,545
#28
CHELSEA ANALYSIS 📈🔵
@ChelseaAnalysis · 47,198
#29
ESPN FC
@espnfc1 · 53,086
#30
Football For All
@Footy4All · 8,109
#31
Football Humor
@footy_humorr · 5,531
#32
LIVE SCORE MATCH
@live_score_Cricket · 30,594
#33
WhoScored | Squawka
@whoscored_squawka · 4,974
#34
Fantasy Premier League
@Fantasy_Epl · 31,138
#35
Sky Sports News
@skysport_football_official · 51,699
#36
Footy Humour
@footyhumourr · 7,980
#37
Sky Sports Football
@Sky_Sportz_football · 66,145
#38
Tony's Sports
@TonySportsHub · 14,087
#39
Premier League 🦁
@PremierLeague_football · 25,695
#40
LIVE SCORE HD
@LiveScoreXq · 46,763
#41
FOOTY TOUCH | EuroFootball
@football_touchline · 34,349
#42
Football XI News Live
@footballxilive · 33,149
#43
Chelsea
@Chealsea · 33,022
#44
BBC Sport Football
@BBC_Sports_Football_Updates · 52,712
#45
🔴Manchester United🔴
@manchester_united_uk · 51,994
#46
Premier League
@english_premier_league_links · 39,246
#47
Lionel Messi Fans
@Lionel_Messi_10_Fans · 47,384
#48
Manchester City
@mancity247 · 45,736
#49
Ardizor Gems
@ardizorgemcalls · 9,353
#50
Messi Goals & Stat | Inter Miami
@messimedia · 8,357
#51
Juventus
@juventus · 26,997
#52
Tracer Calls
@tracercalls · 6,758
#53
Ultimate Tips 💯
@goalvds · 3,751
#54
B/R Football
@brfootball_en · 6,987
#55
Football Zone⚽️⚠️
@footymadness · 7,157
#56
Premier League
@premier · 141,074
#57
Fantasy Premier League
@fpl_in_telegram · 57,279
#58
Sky Sports Football™
@skysportsfootballupdates · 29,334
#59
⚽️FOOTY MEMES™⚽️
@footy_memess · 17,888
#60
433
@football433official · 8,625
#61
Transfer News Football
@transfer_news_football · 88,790
#62
FC BARCELONA
@barcelonaen · 116,706
#63
MANCHESTER UNITED 🔴
@manchesterunited · 94,116
#64
FC BARCELONA™
@FCBarcelonaenn · 97,274
#65
Cristiano Ronaldo
@cristiano · 60,723
#66
FC BARCELONA™️
@Barcelona_worldwide · 32,855
#67
🇬🇧Manchester United🇬🇧
@officialmanchester · 36,604
#68
LIVERPOOL FC
@liverpool_worldwide · 62,593
#69
UEFA Champions League
@uefa_champ_league · 55,434
#70
BOOMBET
@boombet301 · 65,050
#71
FC Barcelona
@barcelona_eng · 22,288
#72
⚽️ Chelsea Football Club 💙
@ChelseaFcWorldWide_001 · 121,712
#73
Maestros Gem Calls
@gemsmaestros · 3,804
#74
Atletico Madrid
@madrid_atletico · 16,536
#75
Transfer News Live
@TransferNews_Live · 49,237
#76
Bayern Munchen
@bayern_munich · 32,510
#77
Inter Miami
@inter_miami · 21,442
#78
🇬🇧 Manchester United 🇬🇧
@manchester · 113,589
#79
SL Benfica
@benfica · 7,055
#80
Ram's Moonshots
@ramoonshots · 9,287
#81
PSG | Paris Saint-Germain
@paris_saint_geermain · 30,236
#82
Borussia Dortmund
@borussia_dortmund · 10,971
#83
Ihzan's Gem Calls
@ihzansgemcalls · 13,894
#84
Al Nassr FC
@al_nassr · 21,176
#85
Newcastle United
@newcastle_united · 11,060
#86
FC Barcelona Channel
@barcelona · 104,116
#87
Buzz 📚 History
@buzzhistory · 51,202
#88

Read from Telegram’s recommendation API, most recently 22 August 2026. Telegram holds a list like this for a small and growing share of the register — how this is measured, and why most channel pages show nothing here.

Appears in Telegram’s recommendations for other channels

The reverse of the list above, and a different kind of signal. This does not require this channel to have ever been asked about directly — each row below is a channel we DID ask Telegram about, whose Telegram-generated list happened to include this one. A channel can appear here with an empty list above it, because being named by someone else’s query is independent of having been queried itself.

Supersport CBS
@supersportcbs · 30,512
Telegram ranks this channel #3 of 89 here — alongside 88 others — read 6 September 2026
Juventus
@juventus · 26,997
Telegram ranks this channel #4 of 84 here — alongside 83 others — read 11 September 2026
Goal Sport™
@goal_sport_football · 39,848
Telegram ranks this channel #4 of 85 here — alongside 84 others — read 30 August 2026
SOFA SCORE ⚽️
@sofascore_uk · 56,159
Telegram ranks this channel #4 of 90 here — alongside 89 others — read 23 August 2026
REAL MADRID C.F.
@Realmadrid_world · 116,545
Telegram ranks this channel #4 of 91 here — alongside 90 others — read 14 August 2026
Football
@footballfactlys · 32,641
Telegram ranks this channel #5 of 87 here — alongside 86 others — read 4 September 2026
Football news - The Sun
@FootballTheSun · 45,723
Telegram ranks this channel #5 of 92 here — alongside 91 others — read 27 August 2026
Manchester United - Sun Sport
@ManchesterUnitedSunSport · 94,789
Telegram ranks this channel #5 of 87 here — alongside 86 others — read 16 August 2026
Real Madrid C.F.
@real_madrid · 112,837
Telegram ranks this channel #5 of 89 here — alongside 88 others — read 14 August 2026
Talk Football HD Official
@talkfootballhd_official · 28,786
Telegram ranks this channel #6 of 52 here — alongside 51 others — read 17 September 2026
Football memes
@soccer_memes · 34,552
Telegram ranks this channel #6 of 83 here — alongside 82 others — read 3 September 2026
UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE
@uefa_champion_leaguee · 149,526
Telegram ranks this channel #6 of 92 here — alongside 91 others — read 12 August 2026
Premier League🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿
@mybestpremierleague · 24,990
Telegram ranks this channel #7 of 77 here — alongside 76 others — read 15 September 2026
Premier League 🦁
@PremierLeague_football · 25,695
Telegram ranks this channel #7 of 85 here — alongside 84 others — read 13 September 2026
Sky Sports Football™
@skysportsfootballupdates · 29,334
Telegram ranks this channel #7 of 77 here — alongside 76 others — read 8 September 2026
Chelsea
@Chealsea · 33,022
Telegram ranks this channel #8 of 88 here — alongside 87 others — read 4 September 2026
LIVE SCORE HD
@LiveScoreXq · 46,763
Telegram ranks this channel #8 of 89 here — alongside 88 others — read 26 August 2026
433
@Football433_uk · 69,349
Telegram ranks this channel #8 of 93 here — alongside 92 others — read 20 August 2026
Lionel Messi
@Messi_lionel_uk · 52,169
Telegram ranks this channel #9 of 90 here — alongside 89 others — read 24 August 2026
Official Fabrizio Romano
@FabrizioRomanoTG · 405,860
Telegram ranks this channel #9 of 95 here — alongside 94 others — read 10 August 2026
Football XI News Live
@footballxilive · 33,149
Telegram ranks this channel #10 of 85 here — alongside 84 others — read 4 September 2026
B/R Football
@br_football_news · 79,736
Telegram ranks this channel #10 of 92 here — alongside 91 others — read 18 August 2026
Premier League
@premier_league_football_news · 87,484
Telegram ranks this channel #10 of 89 here — alongside 88 others — read 18 August 2026
VETLAND SPORTS
@vetland_sports_football1 · 109,440
Telegram ranks this channel #10 of 89 here — alongside 88 others — read 14 August 2026

This channel appears in 95 seed channels' Telegram-generated recommendation lists in total, of which the 24 where it ranks highest are shown above. Each is Telegram’s list for THAT channel, not this one — see how this is measured.

Domains linked from posts

One domain this channel’s own posts have linked to, measured by scanning the post bodies themselves — not the channel’s description, which is the separate Declared links section below when this entry has one. Appearing here is not a claim about who runs the linked site or why the channel linked to it; an advertisement, a news citation and a malicious link all leave the same kind of row.

alexator.com1 post · 5 August 2026 – 5 August 2026 · example post

Cite this entry

A live page changes as we take new readings, so a citation should name the measurement it is based on, not just the URL. The line below cites the subscriber count as measured 18 September 2026 — this entry's latest reading, not the date you are reading this.

“ESPN FC” (@Espnfc_news), 61,881 subscribers as measured 18 September 2026. Telegram Register, tgregister.com/channel/Espnfc_news.

Full measurement history, CC BY 4.0. Every reading this register holds for this entry, not just the latest one, as a dated, downloadable record: CSV · JSON. Free to use with attribution to tgregister.com. Each file carries its own generation timestamp, which is the figure to cite for exactly when the data was retrieved.