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Telegram profile photo for Real Madrid C.F.

Channel

Real Madrid C.F.

@real_madrid

On this record: Topic · Growth · Engagement · What this channel posts · Reactions · Posts · Citations · Handles named that no longer answer · Telegram's recommendations · Cite this entry

112,837subscribers

-796 since we began measuring on 5 August 2026

Risers and fallers across the register · movement among entries of 100,000–316,228.

Register entry

Telegram ID-1001100384194
TypeChannel
Username@real_madrid
DescriptionReal Madrid English News Telegram Channel Our group 👥: https://t.me/realmadrid13_chat 📢 Contact info: @grpuiit 💸 Ads: @Source_Ads, https://telega.io/c/real_madrid
Created3 March 2017measured — cross-checked against a third-party dataset (TGDataset)
First recorded6 August 2026
Last confirmed live19 September 2026
Measurements held36
Confirmed unchanged1 time, most recently 19 September 2026
On Telegramt.me/real_madrid

Topic

Sports — a classification, not a measurement. An on-box language model (Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-UD-Q6_K_XL, prompt version 1) read this channel’s own recent posts on 9 August 2026 and assigned it the closest of 31 fixed categories, at 99% confidence. This is a model’s judgement about what the channel is likely to be about, not a fact this register measured the way a subscriber count or a view count is measured — it can be revised on a later pass, and it carries no weight anywhere else on this page. How this classification works, and why it has no browse page of its own yet.

Growth

112,837113,719113,2785 August 2026 — 113,633 subscribers6 August 2026 — 113,632 subscribers6 August 2026 — 113,632 subscribers7 August 2026 — 113,681 subscribers7 August 2026 — 113,684 subscribers8 August 2026 — 113,719 subscribers10 August 2026 — 113,686 subscribers11 August 2026 — 113,674 subscribers11 August 2026 — 113,610 subscribers12 August 2026 — 113,592 subscribers14 August 2026 — 113,557 subscribers15 August 2026 — 113,514 subscribers17 August 2026 — 113,439 subscribers18 August 2026 — 113,422 subscribers19 August 2026 — 113,379 subscribers20 August 2026 — 113,377 subscribers21 August 2026 — 113,324 subscribers22 August 2026 — 113,406 subscribers24 August 2026 — 113,286 subscribers25 August 2026 — 113,241 subscribers26 August 2026 — 113,149 subscribers27 August 2026 — 113,280 subscribers28 August 2026 — 113,283 subscribers29 August 2026 — 113,254 subscribers30 August 2026 — 113,269 subscribers31 August 2026 — 113,354 subscribers1 September 2026 — 113,327 subscribers2 September 2026 — 113,277 subscribers3 September 2026 — 113,202 subscribers6 September 2026 — 113,183 subscribers9 September 2026 — 113,132 subscribers11 September 2026 — 113,060 subscribers13 September 2026 — 113,031 subscribers15 September 2026 — 112,978 subscribers17 September 2026 — 112,965 subscribers19 September 2026 — 112,837 subscribers5 August 202619 September 2026
36 measurements spanning 45 days, net -796. Dots are measurements; the straight line between them is drawn to join them, not to claim we know the path taken in between — snapshots are recorded only when a count changes, so gaps mean “no change observed”, never “interpolated”. The vertical axis spans 112,705–113,851 and does not start at zero.
Measurement log — every subscribers count we have recorded, most recent 20 of 36
Measured (UTC)SubscribersChange
19 Sept 2026, 15:35112,837-128
17 Sept 2026, 00:18112,965-13
15 Sept 2026, 01:41112,978-53
13 Sept 2026, 12:00113,031-29
11 Sept 2026, 19:00113,060-72
9 Sept 2026, 05:58113,132-51
6 Sept 2026, 00:40113,183-19
3 Sept 2026, 18:15113,202-75
2 Sept 2026, 10:03113,277-50
1 Sept 2026, 10:07113,327-27
31 Aug 2026, 12:36113,354+85
30 Aug 2026, 10:58113,269+15
29 Aug 2026, 13:35113,254-29
28 Aug 2026, 10:46113,283+3
27 Aug 2026, 10:15113,280+131
26 Aug 2026, 11:44113,149-92
25 Aug 2026, 14:06113,241-45
24 Aug 2026, 13:25113,286-120
22 Aug 2026, 23:44113,406+82
21 Aug 2026, 12:07113,324first reading

Engagement

578 posts held, back to 4 August 2026the reader has not yet reached the start of this channel’s public history, so older posts may sit further back, unread. Read across 98 pages of Telegram’s post history, 20 posts per page.

ERR · 30 days
6.95%
avg views ÷ 112,837 subscribers
Avg views / post
7,850
358 posts measured
Reaction rate
2.59%
reactions ÷ views · ER floor
Posts in window
358
of 578 held

ERR is average views per post over the last 30 days divided by subscribers, the definition TGStat uses, so this figure is comparable with the one you will see elsewhere. It falls structurally as a channel grows: a high ERR on a small channel and a low one on a large channel describe reach mathematics, not quality. We publish the figure and the sample it came from and pass no verdict on it.

ER is defined industry-wide as (forwards + reactions + comments) ÷ views — note the denominator is views, not subscribers. Telegram’s public web preview carries views and reactions but not forward or comment counts, so the reaction rate above is the reactions term only and is therefore a floor: the true ER for this channel is higher by an amount we have not measured and will not estimate. It is computed over the 357 of 358 measured posts that carry a reaction reading, and over those same posts' views.

What these figures were computed from
WindowRolling 30 days · latest post in window 21 September 2026
Posts held578 (4 August 202621 September 2026)
Views total2,809,419
Reactions total72,539
Forwards / commentsnot exposed by the public surface — not measured, not estimated
Readings taken22 Sept 2026, 09:21 UTC

Views are a single reading per post, taken at the time above. A post published in the last day or two is still accumulating views, which pulls the 30-day average down slightly. That is a property of the standard definition rather than a fault in it, so we keep the definition rather than “correcting” the number into something nobody can reproduce.

Precision. Telegram publishes view counts on its public widget in short form — 8.12K, 3.7M — so any reading at or above 1,000 reaches us rounded to three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. Averages and rates derived from them are shown to the same precision rather than to the unit: a figure like 3,701,250 would assert digits nobody measured.

Reaction counts are published per emoji and rounded the same way, so a total below 1,000 is exact and a larger one is a sum that may carry a rounded component from each emoji above 1,000. Because it is a sum, it does not look rounded — read a large reaction total as three significant figures per contributing emoji rather than as the figure it prints.

What this channel posts

Photos
37,300
Videos
202
Links
1,890

Lifetime counters from Telegram’s own channel header, read 22 September 2026 — not the date at the top of this page, which is when the subscriber count was last read. A count marked was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints these counters in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈142,000 means somewhere between 141,500 and 142,499.

Video runtime
31s
Average length
31s

Measured directly from 1 video with a duration reading, out of the posts we hold for this channel — not this channel’s whole posting history, only the sample this register has actually read. An exact reading to the second, taken from the post itself rather than from Telegram’s own rounded chrome, so it carries no mark.

Reaction mix

128,716 reactions across 563 posts, in 20 distinct kinds. The most used accounts for 52.4% of them.

Every reaction kind recorded on the sample, most used first
ReactionCountShareShare, drawn
67,41752.4%
👍39,22930.5%
🔥12,2909.55%
😁1,6131.25%
😢1,4801.15%
👎1,3491.05%
🌚1,2280.954%
💔9350.726%
👏6680.519%
🤡6130.476%
5100.396%
🎉3980.309%
💯2870.223%
🤯2010.156%
🥰1900.148%
🍾1640.127%
🤔510.04%
😱440.034%
👌390.03%
🙏100.008%

No sentiment is inferred, and none should be read in. This table is ordered by count and by nothing else. Emoji do not carry stable meaning across languages or communities — 🙏 is thanks in one channel and mourning in another — so we publish which ones were pressed and how often, and pass no judgement on what an audience meant by them.

Precision. Telegram publishes reaction counts per emoji and short-forms each one — 4.34K, 1.2M — so any single kind at or above 1,000 reaches us at three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. The shares above are ratios of those figures and carry the same error. This is also why the total here can differ slightly from a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page: both are sums of the same rounded parts, taken over samples with different edges.

Coverage. Reactions were read on 577 of the 578 sampled posts in this sample. Summed by Telegram’s own count on each post — not by adding up the per-emoji breakdown above — those same posts carry 131,637 reactions in total: the kind of figure the paragraph above means by “a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page”.

Measured over the 578 most recent posts we hold, published 4 August 2026 to 21 September 2026, using the newest reading held for each. Telegram Stars are excluded: they are a payment, not a reaction, and they have their own section.

Recent posts

21 Sept 2026, 17:35 UTC≈5,940 views206 reactionsread 22 September 2026
Photo

🚨 Jose Mourinho’s first 7 La Liga games in 10/11: • 5 wins • 2 draws • 0 losses • 16 scored • 3 conceded • 4 clean sheets 26/27: • 5 wins • 0 draws • 2 losses • 18 scored • 8 conceded • 1 clean sheet

140👎37😢11🌚7🤡6😁5

21 Sept 2026, 17:01 UTC≈6,180 views131 reactionsread 22 September 2026
Photo

🚨 STAT: Real Madrid are having their worst start to La Liga in the last 7 seasons. The club have 15 points from 7 games, with 5 wins and 2 losses. The previous worst start was 20/21, with the club having 5 wins, 1 draw and 1 loss in the first 7 games.

102👍21🌚8

21 Sept 2026, 16:28 UTC≈6,260 views199 reactionsread 22 September 2026
Photo

🚨 BREAKING: The Refereeing Committee has decided to PUNISH Ortiz Arias for his TERRIBLE performance as referee during the derby. He will be BANNED from the next 2 matchdays, at least. [ArchivoVAR]

👎124👍4316🔥11😱3🌚1🤡1

21 Sept 2026, 14:12 UTC≈6,910 views169 reactionsread 22 September 2026
Photo

Real Madrid’s 8 games before the November international break: 🏠 10/10: Villarreal (21:00) ✈️ 14/10: Roma (21:00) 🏆 🏠 18/10: @Sevilla (21:00) 🏠 21/10: Leipzig (21:00) 🏆 ✈️ 25/10: @BARCELONAEn (21:00) ✈️ 01*/11: Racing Santander ✈️ 04/11: AEK (18:45) 🏆 ✈️ 08*/11: Valencia

139👎12🤔7🤡4😱3😢2🌚1🔥1

21 Sept 2026, 11:02 UTC≈7,150 views20 reactionsread 22 September 2026
Photo

🔥 Don’t miss out. Join our WhatsApp channel for the latest news, fresh updates, and exclusive content you won’t see anywhere else. SUBSCRIBE now and stay ahead.

18👎2

20 Sept 2026, 18:32 UTC≈9,580 views275 reactionsread 22 September 2026
Photo

🚨 REAL MADRID OFFICIAL STATEMENT: After the tests carried out today on our player Fede Valverde by the Real Madrid Medical Services, he has been diagnosed with a severe trauma to his left ankle, suffered in this afternoon's match. Valverde will be subjected to new tests in the next few hours.

😢20437😁19🎉5🌚3🤡3🤔2👎1

20 Sept 2026, 18:00 UTC≈9,200 views251 reactionsread 22 September 2026
Photo

Real Madrid are now 6 points below Barcelona in La Liga. El Clasico is in 1 month.

😢149😁5025🔥14🌚5👍5👎3

20 Sept 2026, 16:31 UTC≈9,100 views168 reactionsread 22 September 2026
Photo

❌ Real Madrid have won ONLY 3 of the last 14 games against @Madrid_Atletico AWAY in La Liga. 2022/23 (1-2) 2018/19 (1-3) 2016/17 (0-3)

101👎27😁16👏11😢5🔥3🤡3👍2

20 Sept 2026, 16:22 UTC≈8,900 views253 reactionsread 22 September 2026
Photo

No Real Madrid football for the next 3 weeks.

😁140😢41💔25👍1811🎉8👎7👏3

20 Sept 2026, 16:20 UTC≈8,220 views235 reactionsread 22 September 2026
Photo

WE LOST THE DERBY. ❌

💔152😁4815😢8🤡5🤔4😱2🔥1

20 Sept 2026, 16:18 UTC≈7,530 views160 reactionsread 22 September 2026
Photo

FT Atletico Madrid 2-1 Real Madrid Thoughts?

😁82💔42😢1811👎5🤡1😱1

Showing the 12 most recent of 578 posts we hold for @real_madrid. View and reaction counts are the latest single reading for each post, not a live figure, and a recent post is still accumulating both. A view count marked was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints views in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈1,200,000 means somewhere between 1,150,000 and 1,249,999. Unmarked counts are exact. Text is reproduced from the public post preview and truncated for length.

Mentions

Named by 37 registered channels — every channel on the register whose own posts have named this one, by its current username or any other username it currently holds, merged from two separately captured readings of the same fact so a namer caught by only one of them is not missed and a namer both caught is not counted twice. A username this channel has since dropped is not matched — that handle may belong to someone else now, and crediting today’s namer to yesterday’s owner would misattribute it. The 24 listed below are the most frequent namers; the rest are counted above but not each listed.

A mention is a weaker signal than a forward and is counted separately for that reason — naming a channel is not republishing it, and a handle in a post body is easy to place deliberately. The post counts beside each row below are distinct posts in which the handle appeared, from posts we have read on both sides — the “Named by N registered channels” figure above is a different count, of distinct NAMING CHANNELS rather than posts, and is not the sum of the rows under it.

Channels Telegram recommends alongside this one

Telegram’s own answer, not this register’s. When this register asks Telegram’s API what is similar to this channel, this is the list it returns, in the exact order Telegram returns it — never re-sorted by subscribers or by anything else this register measures. The relationship, and the order, are Telegram’s; we record them and date them, and make no claim of our own about which of these channels actually resemble this one.

REAL MADRID C.F.
@Realmadrid_world · 116,545
#1
Just Football
@jfball · 92,090
#2
B/R Football
@br_football_news · 79,736
#3
433
@Football433_uk · 69,452
#4
ESPN FC
@Espnfc_news · 61,881
#5
Goal Sport™
@goal_sport_football · 39,848
#6
Football memes
@soccer_memes · 34,552
#7
SOFA SCORE ⚽️
@sofascore_uk · 56,159
#8
Real Madrid Central
@realmadridfran · 24,882
#9
ESPN FC
@espnfc1 · 53,086
#10
Atletico Madrid
@madrid_atletico · 16,536
#11
Real Madrid ™️
@cfmadridreal · 15,993
#12
Real Madrid CF ™
@RealMadridCF_1 · 19,461
#13
REAL MADRID C.F.
@RealMadridCFen · 23,306
#14
BBC Sport Football
@BBC_Sports_Football_Updates · 52,712
#15
LIVE SCORE MATCH
@live_score_Cricket · 30,594
#16
Real Madrid C.F.™
@real_madrid_en · 24,854
#17
Ash Gem Calls
@ashgemcall · 7,655
#18
Kylian Mbappé | News & Highlights
@kmbappe · 2,894
#19
REAL MADRID [ES]
@Hala_MadridCF15 · 18,900
#20
𝗩𝗔𝗟𝗨𝗘 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘀 💸
@GapTheBet · 8,823
#21
Cristiano Ronaldo
@cristiano · 60,723
#22
Troll Football
@Troll_Football_Telegram · 145,917
#23
Sky Sports Football
@Sky_sports_football_updates · 259,592
#24
Arsenal
@arsenal_london · 144,671
#25
Manchester City FC
@manchester_city · 129,997
#26
Official Fabrizio Romano
@FabrizioRomanoTG · 405,860
#27
Premier League News
@Premier_League_News_TG · 261,764
#28
Transfer News Football
@transfer_news_football · 88,790
#29
Premier League
@premier_league_football_news · 87,484
#30
Here We Go Club
@herewegoclub · 84,336
#31
English Premier League Update
@Premier_League_Update · 118,043
#32
CHELSEA NEWS 🗞️ 🔵
@Chelsea_fc_worldwide · 94,822
#33
Manchester United Central🔱🔴
@Manchester_UtdCentral · 123,966
#34
Fabrizio Romano
@FabrizioRomano_uk · 72,554
#35
VETLAND SPORTS
@vetland_sports_football1 · 109,440
#36
Chelsea FC 🔵
@CFC_ChelseaFC · 137,376
#37
UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE
@uefa_champion_leaguee · 150,237
#38
Bayern Munchen
@bayern_munich · 32,510
#39
Football
@footballfactlys · 32,641
#40
Ihzan's Gem Calls
@ihzansgemcalls · 13,955
#41
FC BARCELONA™
@FCBarcelonaenn · 97,382
#42
Chelsea
@Chealsea · 33,022
#43
Supersport CBS
@supersportcbs · 30,512
#44
GOAT Fanbase 🐐
@Al_Nassr_Ronaldo · 5,424
#45
ESPN FOOTBALL
@Espn_Football_News_UK · 93,800
#46
Sky Sports Football
@Sky_Sportz_football · 66,145
#47
Footy Humour
@footyhumourr · 7,980
#48
Squawka Football
@squawka_football_news · 8,701
#49
LIVERPOOL FC
@liverpool_worldwide · 62,774
#50
Juventus
@juventus · 26,997
#51
FOOTY TOUCH | EuroFootball
@football_touchline · 34,518
#52
Lionel Messi
@Messi_lionel_uk · 52,169
#53
SL Benfica
@benfica · 7,080
#54
Football For All
@Footy4All · 8,109
#55
Tony's Sports
@TonySportsHub · 14,087
#56
Sky Sports News
@skysport_football_official · 51,699
#57
WhoScored | Squawka
@whoscored_squawka · 4,974
#58
Borussia Dortmund
@borussia_dortmund · 10,971
#59
Premier League 🦁
@PremierLeague_football · 25,772
#60
Manchester City
@mancity247 · 45,736
#61
LIVE SCORE HD
@LiveScoreXq · 46,974
#62
PSG | Paris Saint-Germain
@paris_saint_geermain · 30,236
#63
🇬🇧 Manchester United 🇬🇧
@manchester · 113,150
#64
BOOMBET
@boombet301 · 65,425
#65
Premier League
@english_premier_league_links · 39,246
#66
Fantasy Premier League
@Fantasy_Epl · 31,143
#67
Eurotinos ⚽️🏆
@Eurotinos12 · 25,650
#68
Neymar Jr
@NeymarJrSantosFc · 9,495
#69
Al Nassr FC
@official_alnassr · 11,915
#70
La Saeta Rubia
@LSR_RM · 32,884
#71
CHELSEA ANALYSIS 📈🔵
@ChelseaAnalysis · 47,349
#72
UEFA Champions League
@uefa_champ_league · 55,434
#73
Football XI News Live
@footballxilive · 33,149
#74
Inter Miami
@inter_miami · 21,512
#75
El Chiringuito TV
@chiringuitotelegram · 45,593
#76
🔴Manchester United🔴
@manchester_united_uk · 51,994
#77
Messi Goals & Stat | Inter Miami
@messimedia · 8,357
#78
FC BARCELONA™️
@Barcelona_worldwide · 32,855
#79
Euni Gem Calls
@eunigemscalls · 4,885
#80
Transfer News Live
@TransferNews_Live · 49,237
#81
🇬🇧Manchester United🇬🇧
@officialmanchester · 36,604
#82
FC BARCELONA
@barcelonaen · 116,837
#83
MANCHESTER UNITED 🔴
@manchesterunited · 94,116
#84
Al Nassr FC
@al_nassr · 21,176
#85
4-3-3 ስፖርት በኢትዮጵያ™
@bisrat_sport_433et · 579,578
#86
Football Humor
@footy_humorr · 5,531
#87
The Krypto King Gem Calls
@gemskryptoking · 3,898
#88
FC Inter Milan
@inter_milan · 11,406
#89

Read from Telegram’s recommendation API, most recently 14 August 2026. Telegram holds a list like this for a small and growing share of the register — how this is measured, and why most channel pages show nothing here.

Appears in Telegram’s recommendations for other channels

The reverse of the list above, and a different kind of signal. This does not require this channel to have ever been asked about directly — each row below is a channel we DID ask Telegram about, whose Telegram-generated list happened to include this one. A channel can appear here with an empty list above it, because being named by someone else’s query is independent of having been queried itself.

Real Madrid Central
@realmadridfran · 24,882
Telegram ranks this channel #1 of 84 here — alongside 83 others — read 15 September 2026
REAL MADRID C.F.
@Realmadrid_world · 116,545
Telegram ranks this channel #1 of 91 here — alongside 90 others — read 14 August 2026
REAL MADRID C.F.
@RealMadridCFen · 23,306
Telegram ranks this channel #2 of 77 here — alongside 76 others — read 18 September 2026
Real Madrid C.F.™
@real_madrid_en · 24,854
Telegram ranks this channel #3 of 74 here — alongside 73 others — read 15 September 2026
Just Football
@jfball · 92,090
Telegram ranks this channel #6 of 89 here — alongside 88 others — read 16 August 2026
PSG | Paris Saint-Germain
@paris_saint_geermain · 30,236
Telegram ranks this channel #7 of 89 here — alongside 88 others — read 7 September 2026
Goal Sport™
@goal_sport_football · 39,848
Telegram ranks this channel #10 of 85 here — alongside 84 others — read 30 August 2026
Football memes
@soccer_memes · 34,552
Telegram ranks this channel #11 of 83 here — alongside 82 others — read 3 September 2026
Bayern Munchen
@bayern_munich · 32,510
Telegram ranks this channel #16 of 90 here — alongside 89 others — read 5 September 2026
ESPN FC
@Espnfc_news · 61,881
Telegram ranks this channel #17 of 88 here — alongside 87 others — read 22 August 2026
433
@Football433_uk · 69,452
Telegram ranks this channel #18 of 93 here — alongside 92 others — read 20 August 2026
B/R Football
@br_football_news · 79,736
Telegram ranks this channel #18 of 92 here — alongside 91 others — read 18 August 2026
Juventus
@juventus · 26,997
Telegram ranks this channel #19 of 84 here — alongside 83 others — read 11 September 2026
BBC Sport Football
@BBC_Sports_Football_Updates · 52,712
Telegram ranks this channel #19 of 86 here — alongside 85 others — read 24 August 2026
SOFA SCORE ⚽️
@sofascore_uk · 56,159
Telegram ranks this channel #24 of 90 here — alongside 89 others — read 23 August 2026
ESPN FC
@espnfc1 · 53,086
Telegram ranks this channel #27 of 91 here — alongside 90 others — read 24 August 2026
BOOMBET
@boombet301 · 65,425
Telegram ranks this channel #27 of 90 here — alongside 89 others — read 20 August 2026
LIVE SCORE MATCH
@live_score_Cricket · 30,594
Telegram ranks this channel #28 of 80 here — alongside 79 others — read 7 September 2026
UEFA Champions League
@uefa_champ_league · 55,434
Telegram ranks this channel #32 of 90 here — alongside 89 others — read 23 August 2026
LIVERPOOL FC
@liverpool_worldwide · 62,774
Telegram ranks this channel #35 of 88 here — alongside 87 others — read 21 August 2026
Chelsea
@Chealsea · 33,022
Telegram ranks this channel #36 of 88 here — alongside 87 others — read 4 September 2026
Cristiano Ronaldo
@cristiano · 60,723
Telegram ranks this channel #36 of 87 here — alongside 86 others — read 22 August 2026
Manchester City FC
@manchester_city · 129,997
Telegram ranks this channel #36 of 93 here — alongside 92 others — read 13 August 2026
🇬🇧 Manchester United 🇬🇧
@manchester · 113,150
Telegram ranks this channel #38 of 91 here — alongside 90 others — read 14 August 2026

This channel appears in 91 seed channels' Telegram-generated recommendation lists in total, of which the 24 where it ranks highest are shown above. Each is Telegram’s list for THAT channel, not this one — see how this is measured.

Cite this entry

A live page changes as we take new readings, so a citation should name the measurement it is based on, not just the URL. The line below cites the subscriber count as measured 19 September 2026 — this entry's latest reading, not the date you are reading this.

“Real Madrid C.F.” (@real_madrid), 112,837 subscribers as measured 19 September 2026. Telegram Register, tgregister.com/channel/real_madrid.

Full measurement history, CC BY 4.0. Every reading this register holds for this entry, not just the latest one, as a dated, downloadable record: CSV · JSON. Free to use with attribution to tgregister.com. Each file carries its own generation timestamp, which is the figure to cite for exactly when the data was retrieved.